- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Dark absorption lines observed in a spectrum of solar radiation obtained with an instrument located near the earth's surface. These lines are produced by constituents of the atmosphere of the earth itself. They appear relatively narrow due to the cool temperature of the atmospheric gases, and are quite distinct from the broad Fraunhofer lines caused by absorption by high-temperature solar gases. The terrestrial nature of these narrow telluric lines is revealed by their intensity variation with solar zenith angle and by their freedom from any Doppler broadening due to solar rotation. Water vapor produces the strongest of the telluric lines in the visible spectrum.
Industry:Weather
Condition of land when the water table stands at or near the land surface, reaching into the root zone, and may be detrimental to plant growth.
Industry:Weather
Colloquial expression for a horizontal cloud band, often laminar and tube-shaped, but sometimes ragged and turbulent, that is attached to a wall cloud.
Industry:Weather
Collective name for oxidized forms of nitrogen in the atmosphere such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>), and organic nitrates; usually designated by NO''<sub>y</sub>''. The species can all be readily converted to NO by a heated catalyst and detected by an NO chemiluminescence detector.
Industry:Weather
Cloud that is only in the liquid phase; levels are not present with temperature below 0°C (32°F); no ice is present. Any precipitation will originate from droplet coalescence. It is not to be confused with clouds extending to levels with temperature below 0°C; here, precipitation may form from the ice phase but could form by the warm cloud coalescence process.
Industry:Weather
Cloud formed by condensation within a mass of moist air that is subject to ascending motion above a frontal surface of discontinuity.
Industry:Weather
Climate models (typically statistical–dynamical or energy balance models) in which the longitudinal dimension has been eliminated through latitudinal averaging, and the meridional transport (of energy, for example) by large-scale and synoptic-scale eddies is not explicitly resolved but is instead determined parametrically.
Industry:Weather
Chemical present in the atmosphere at a very low level (typically parts per million or less), usually because of its very reactive nature, or because of a very low production or emission rate. Examples include ozone, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide.
Industry:Weather
