- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
大気の透過率測定装置－35 の型。光電細胞から適切な距離に位置して定数強度コリメート光源で構成されます。大気中の濁度の変動により、電気出力を変化させる写真セルによって受信光の強度の変化を引き起こします。
Industry:Weather
An electronic instrument used for the detection and ranging of distant objects of such composition that they scatter or reflect radio energy. A radar consists of a transmitter, receiver, antenna, display, and associated equipment for control and signal processing. The most common radars are monostatic radars, which use the same antenna for both transmission and reception. These radars depend on backscattering to produce a detectable echo from a target. Bistatic radars have the transmitter and its antenna at one location and the receiver and its antenna at a remote location. These radars depend upon forward scattering to produce a detectable signal. Radio energy emitted by the transmitter and focused by the antenna of a monostatic radar propagates outward through the atmosphere in a narrow beam. Objects lying in the path of the beam reflect, scatter, and absorb the energy. A small portion of the reflected and scattered energy, called the target signal, travels back along the same path through the atmosphere and is intercepted by the receiving antenna. The time delay between the transmitted signal and the target signal is used to determine the distance or slant range of the target from the radar. The direction in which the focused beam is pointing at the instant the target signal is received (i. E. , the azimuth and elevation angles of the antenna) determine the direction and height of the target. This information is presented visually as echoes on different types of radar displays. Because hydrometeors scatter radio energy, weather radars, operating in certain radar frequency bands, can detect the presence of precipitation and other weather phenomena at distances up to several hundred kilometers from the radar, depending upon meteorological conditions and the type of radar. MST radars and wind profilers, which operate at longer wavelengths than weather radars, are able to detect echoes from optically clear air that are caused by spatial fluctuations of refractivity. Additional information provided by a radar about a target may include the radial velocity or rate of change of range, as measured by a Doppler radar, or the depolarizing characteristics of the target, as measured by a polarimetric radar.
Industry:Weather
春分点歳差運動の体系的な効果、回転の地軸の傾きと地球の軌道の離心率を組み合わせた放射線曲線。20 世紀初頭にセルビアの数学者および物理学者ミランコビッチ Milutin (1879–1958) 複合日射量曲線を計算し、気候の変動を考慮するために使用します。彼は日射量の季節変化と緯度分布に及ぼす影響氷河期を引き起こす放射の最低の期間は各順序数十数千年、何百もの気候上の変動を仮定しました。
Industry:Weather
定額強風強い雷雨からの nontornadic 流出に関連付けられています。マニトバ; で特にカナダ気象学者によって使用されます。アメリカ合衆国で使用されなく。参照してください 'も' derecho、ダウン バースト。
Industry:Weather
The force due to differences of pressure within a fluid mass. The (vector) force per unit volume is equal to the pressure gradient, −∇''p'', and the force per unit mass (specific force) is equal to the product of the volume force and the specific volume, −α∇''p''. In the atmosphere, the vertical component of this force is of the order of 10<sup>4</sup> times the horizontal component; in meteorological literature the term “pressure force” usually refers only to the latter horizontal pressure force.
Industry:Weather
散乱放射線の任意指定の光線と入射光線間の角度。条約は入射光が進める上で方向または散乱体からの放射源への方向に関してのこの角度の測定かどうかによって異なります。散乱参照してください。
Industry:Weather
指定された期間中に最も頻繁に観察された風の方向。最も頻繁に使用される期間は、観測の日、月、季節および年です。定量方法は風のローズの計算に定期的な観察の単純なカウントとは異なります。風の結果を比較します。
Industry:Weather
散乱放射線の任意指定の光線と入射光線間の角度。条約は入射光が進める上で方向または散乱体からの放射源への方向に関してのこの角度の測定かどうかによって異なります。散乱参照してください。
Industry:Weather
