- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The churning and stirring of soil as a result of repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. This includes such actions as frost heaving and surface subsidence during thaws. A body of material disturbed by frost action is called a congeliturbate.
Industry:Weather
The application of statistical correlation techniques to a series of meteorological observations.
Industry:Weather
The categorizing of one year's weather at a given locality according to one of the climatic classifications. Thus, if the weather of a given year at a certain station was unusually mild and rainy, falling within (for example) Köppen's definition of a tropical climate, that station is said to have had a “tropical year,” whatever its normal classification.
Industry:Weather
Generally, any precipitation associated with, or within the circulation of, a cyclone; mainly distinguished from orographic precipitation, but also from airmass precipitation. Most cyclone precipitation can be classed as frontal precipitation.
Industry:Weather
A cloud species unique to the genus cirrus, of such optical thickness as to appear grayish on the side away from the sun, and to veil the sun, conceal its outline, or even hide it. These often originate from the upper part of a cumulonimbus, and are often so dense that they suggest clouds of the middle level.
Industry:Weather
A cloud species of which at least a fraction of its upper part presents some vertically developed cumuliform protuberances (some of which are taller than they are wide) that give the cloud a crenellated or turreted appearance. This castellanus character is especially evident when the cloud is seen from the side. The cumuliform cloud elements generally have a common base and usually seem to be arranged in lines. The species is found only in the genera cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, and stratocumulus. Cirrus castellanus differs from cirrocumulus castellanus in that its vertical protuberances subtend an angle of more than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. When altocumulus castellanus and stratocumulus castellanus attain a considerable vertical development, they become cumulus congestus and often develop into cumulonimbus. Stratocumulus castellanus should not be confused with stratocumulus pierced by cumulus. See cloud classification.
Industry:Weather
With respect to aviation weather observations, a group of such observations transmitted in prescribed order by stations on the same communications circuit.
Industry:Weather
The abrasive action of wind-borne material, especially sand, dust, and ice crystals; a form of weathering. Compare corrosion, erosion.
Industry:Weather
The spreading of frequencies of a spectral line as a consequence of interactions between molecules. Although the term “pressure broadening” is frequently encountered and is respectable, it is misleading in that pressure per se has nothing fundamentally to do with pressure broadening. At a fixed temperature, the number density of gas molecules is proportional to pressure. The greater the number density, the smaller the average separation between molecules, and hence the greater the potential energy of intermolecular interaction. Thus pressure is merely a surrogate for interaction (collision).
Industry:Weather
