- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Expert system feature that reveals the motivation, justification, or rationalization of its conclusions by presenting goals, facts, and heuristic rules that affected or determined the choice of conclusions.
Industry:Weather
A capability of a person to perform an operation in a limited domain with exceptional results when compared to others capable of performing the same operation. Expertise may depend on abstractions, such as individual mental models, rather than on knowledge alone.
Industry:Weather
Problem-solving and decision-making system based on knowledge of its task and logical rules or procedures for using the knowledge. Both the knowledge and the logic are codified from the experience of human specialists in the field (the domain experts). Codification can take many forms, including rules, frames, or scripts. Examples in meteorology include systems used for the interpretation of satellite imagery and for fog and turbulence forecasting. See also knowledge-based system.
Industry:Weather
A watershed instrumented with hydrologic and hydrometeorologic equipment to measure components of the hydrologic cycle, for the purpose of understanding (and thereby modeling) hydrologic processes.
Industry:Weather
A device for obtaining a record of temperature as a function of depth to 1800 m from a ship with a speed as high as 15 m s−1. Temperature is measured with a thermistor within an expendable casing. Depth is determined by a priori knowledge of the rate at which the casing sinks and the time of each recorded data value. A fine wire provides a data transfer line to the ship for shipboard recording. Airborne versions (AXBT) are also used; these use radio frequencies to transmit the data to the aircraft during deployment. See conductivity–temperature–depth profiler.
Industry:Weather
A simple wave or progressive disturbance in the isentropic flow of a compressible fluid, such that the pressure and density of a fluid particle decrease on crossing the wave in the direction of its motion. This may be illustrated, for example, by the withdrawal of a piston from a gas-filled cylinder. When the gas is initially at rest in the cylinder, an expansion wave may move into the undisturbed fluid at the speed of sound as the piston is withdrawn. The expansion wave is a finite-amplitude disturbance changing shape as it propagates, but it may or may not be accompanied by a shock wave front, with the associated discontinuities. See compression wave.
Industry:Weather
A condensation trail that forms when the water vapor from fuel combustion of the aircraft engine is mixed with and saturates (or supersaturates) the air in the wake of the aircraft. Exhaust trails are of more common occurrence and of longer duration than aerodynamic trails.
Industry:Weather
The outermost, or topmost, portion of the atmosphere. Its lower boundary is the critical level of escape, usually located at 500–1000 km above the earth's surface. In the exosphere, the air density is so low that the mean free path of individual particles depends upon their direction with respect to the local vertical, being greatest for upward moving particles. It is only from the exosphere that atmospheric gases can, to any appreciable extent, escape into outer space. See cone of escape, fringe region.
Industry:Weather
The separation of electric charge in a conductor placed in a preexisting electric field. This is especially applied to the charge separation observed on metal-covered aircraft. It is the result of an induction charging mechanism, and does not by itself create any net total charge on the conductor. It is to be distinguished, therefore, from autogenous electrification.
Industry:Weather
