- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A well in which water is drawn from depths exceeding 22 feet, the depth beyond which ordinary suction pumps do not operate satisfactorily.
Industry:Weather
A water mass found at great depth, the most important globally being North Atlantic Deep Water. See also Indian Deep Water, Pacific Deep Water, Japan Sea Deep Water, Mediterranean Deep Water, Greenland Sea Deep Water, Norwegian Sea Deep Water.
Industry:Weather
A region in the deep ocean in which the speed of sound decreases to a minimum value with depth, and then increases in value as a result of pressure. The sound waves are focused by refraction by the waters above and below, and can travel thousands of kilometers in this zone. See sound channel.
Industry:Weather
Soil water that infiltrates below the root zone toward the water table.
Industry:Weather
Reasoning based on general truths or certainties from which inferences can be drawn for particular situations. It may take the form of the syllogism IF A and IF B THEN C, or of IF–THEN rules such as those used in expert systems. Compare induction.
Industry:Weather
A process where one layer of the atmosphere stops interacting with an adjacent layer. An example is a stratocumulus-topped turbulent boundary layer during the night, where infrared radiative cooling of cloud top causes cold “thermals” to sink toward the ground, causing strong turbulent coupling between the cloud and subcloud layers. During the day, these two layers can become decoupled as the combination of solar heating and infrared cooling in the cloud layer combine to make the cloud layer warmer than the subcloud layer, with a weak stable layer in between that reduces or prevents turbulent coupling of the two layers. These turbulently decoupled layers might still interact (i.e., be slightly coupled) in other ways, such as via radiation or drizzle fallout.
Industry:Weather
Any of several kinds of analyses that removes or attempts to remove the effects of convolution from measured data. In radar, deconvolution processing may be performed on reflectivity data to remove the smoothing that arises from averaging over the pulse volume, on Doppler spectra to remove spreading by turbulence, or to improve range resolution by compensating for the effect of the transmitted pulse length. All such applications attempt to restore resolution that is lost in the process of measurement.
Industry:Weather
1. (Also called variation. ) In terrestrial magnetism, at any given location, the angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian; that is, the angle between true north and magnetic north. Declination is either “east” or “west” according as the compass needle points to the east or west of the geographic meridian. Lines of constant declination are called isogonic lines and that of zero declination is called the agonic line. 2. In astronomy, the angular distance between any given celestial body and the celestial equator, measured along a great circle (hour circle) passing through the celestial poles; thus, the astronomical analog of geographic latitude. Declination is positive for positions north of the equator and negative for positions south of the equator. Declination and right ascension are the coordinates used in positional astronomy.
Industry:Weather
A graphical representation of all possible outcomes and the paths by which they may be reached; often used in classification tasks. The top layer consists of input nodes (e.g., meteorological observations and data). Decision nodes determine the order of progression through the graph. The leaves of the tree are all possible outcomes or classifications, while the root is the final outcome (for example, a weather prediction or climate classification). Nearly all expert systems, and many meteorological algorithms, can most appropriately be diagrammed as a decision tree. The root of the tree represents the first test, while the leaves (nodes that do not lead to further nodes) represent the set of possible conclusions or classifications. See also backward chaining, breadth-first search, depth-first search, forward chaining.
Industry:Weather
One of a set of numbers on the random-variable axis that divides a probability distribution into ten equal areas. See quantile.
Industry:Weather
