- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The supposed spontaneous initiation of convection in an atmospheric layer in which density increases with height and in which the lapse rate is greater than the autoconvective lapse rate. The term is based on a false analogy with convection in an incompressible fluid. Convection in a gas will initiate spontaneously, through buoyant instability, if the lapse rate is greater than the adiabatic lapse rate.
Industry:Weather
A strong southeast wind in south-central France, especially in Gascony and the upper Garonne River. Near the Pyrenees the autan is very turbulent, growing in strength in the valleys. At Toulouse its average speed is 13 m s−1 (30 mph) with gusts of 20–22 m s−1 (45–50 mph); it tends to be strongest at midday. It increases in speed up to a height of 450 m (1500 ft), above which it weakens and veers to the south. North of Toulouse it loses its special character and becomes an ordinary southeast wind. There are two types. 1) The autan blanc brings fine dry weather, cold in winter, hot in summer, as a result of the downslope motion imposed by the Pyrenees and southern Cevennes. It occurs with an anticyclone centered near Denmark or moving northeastward from the Azores. It lasts for two to four days in winter, but may persist for more than a week in summer, bringing severe drought and desiccating the vegetation; in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) a similar wind is called the outo. 2) The autan noir is less frequent and rarely lasts for more than two days; it is more humid and cloudy, bringing fog, rain, or snow over high ground near the sea. As such, it is more like the marin, the name applied to the southeast wind out of the Cevennes where its maritime character predominates.
Industry:Weather
The state of a fluid that is characterized by both barotropy and piezotropy, that is, pressure and density surfaces coincide. This condition guarantees that the fluid will remain barotropic at all future times. Example: an ideal homentropic fluid (i.e., a fluid with homogeneous potential temperature) with uniform composition.
Industry:Weather
A strong southeast wind in south-central France, especially in Gascony and the upper Garonne River. Near the Pyrenees the autan is very turbulent, growing in strength in the valleys. At Toulouse its average speed is 13 m s−1 (30 mph) with gusts of 20–22 m s−1 (45–50 mph); it tends to be strongest at midday. It increases in speed up to a height of 450 m (1500 ft), above which it weakens and veers to the south. North of Toulouse it loses its special character and becomes an ordinary southeast wind. There are two types. 1) The autan blanc brings fine dry weather, cold in winter, hot in summer, as a result of the downslope motion imposed by the Pyrenees and southern Cevennes. It occurs with an anticyclone centered near Denmark or moving northeastward from the Azores. It lasts for two to four days in winter, but may persist for more than a week in summer, bringing severe drought and desiccating the vegetation; in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) a similar wind is called the outo. 2) The autan noir is less frequent and rarely lasts for more than two days; it is more humid and cloudy, bringing fog, rain, or snow over high ground near the sea. As such, it is more like the marin, the name applied to the southeast wind out of the Cevennes where its maritime character predominates.
Industry:Weather
East or southeast winds in Rumania. They are cold in winter and are drier and stronger than the crivetz. They may be a local name for the foehn. Compare ostria.
Industry:Weather
A Mediterranean Water mass formed in the Indonesian Seas (the Australasian Mediterranean Sea), also known as Banda Sea Water. Of Pacific origin, it undergoes strong freshening as a result of heavy rainfall. AAMW is characterized by uniform salinity of 34. 7 psu from the surface to depths of at least 1000 m, indicating strong mixing in the formation region. It can be followed in the Indian Ocean as a band of low- salinity water along 10°S as far west as Madagascar.
Industry:Weather
