- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A stream or stream reach that is hydrologically separated from the saturated zone of the underlying formation by an aquitard. Compare perched stream.
Industry:Weather
A station on a river, lake, estuary, or reservoir where water quantity and quality data are collected and recorded. Such data may include stage (water surface elevation), discharge, sediment concentration, water temperature, chemical and biological properties of water, ice formations, and other characteristics.
Industry:Weather
A single unit of hail, ranging in size from that of a pea to that of a grapefruit (i.e., from 5 mm to more than 15 cm in diameter). Hailstones may be spheroidal, conical, or generally irregular in shape. The spheroidal stones often exhibit a layered internal structure, with layers of ice containing many air bubbles alternating with layers of relatively clear ice. These probably correspond to dry growth and wet growth and are called rime and glaze, respectively. The conical stones fall with their bases downward without much tumbling and are often smaller and not as layered. Irregular hailstones often have a lobate structure and are not composed of smaller hailstones frozen together. Hailstones grow by accretion of supercooled water drops and sometimes also by accretion of minor amounts of small ice particles. Large hail may contain liquid water and be spongy (an intimate mixture of ice and water) in some regions; it is usually solid ice with density greater than 0. 8 g cm−3. Small hail may be indistinguishable from large graupel (snow pellets) except for the convention that hail must be larger than 5 mm in diameter. The density of small hail can be much less than 0. 8 g cm−3 if they are dry; if partly melted such hailstones become spongy. The largest recorded hailstone in the United States fell in a hailstorm in Coffeyville, Kansas on 3 September 1970. It weighed 766 g, had a longest dimension about 15 cm, and had protrusions (lobes) several centimeters long on one side that formed as it grew.
Industry:Weather
A statement of expected hydrological conditions for a specified period and for a specified locality.
Industry:Weather
A state of flow that transfers no kinetic energy from the steady state to a flow disturbance.
Industry:Weather
A solenoidal volume bounded by a combination of isobaric and isosteric surfaces.
Industry:Weather
A small pointer extending downward from the top of the cistern of a Fortin barometer. The level of the mercury in the cistern is adjusted so that it just comes in contact with the end of the pointer, thus setting the zero of the barometer scale.
Industry:Weather
A small ice crystal of hexagonal tabular form. The distance across the hexagonal facet of the crystal may be as large as 1–2 mm and the ratio of thickness to diameter as small as 1/100. This crystal form usually grows by vapor deposition at temperatures between −8° and −25°C. At temperatures between −12° and −16°C, as crystals grow and attain a higher fall velocity, provided that the saturation ratio approaches water saturation, the corners sprout and form dendritic (treelike) side arms. See dendrite.
Industry:Weather
