- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Angular momentum about an arbitrarily located vertical axis that is fixed with respect to the earth.
Industry:Weather
Any device designed to carry to the ground (to “ground”) the short-duration surge currents that appear on power lines and telephone lines during severe thunderstorms. Early forms of arresters consisted merely of spark gaps to ground, but in cases where the circuit power maintained the spark after termination of the surge, service could only be restored by momentarily shutting off circuit power. Hence, more elaborate arresters have been developed, especially for high-voltage lines, with features to ensure that the circuit power will not maintain the ground circuit after the surge dies out. Compare lightning rod.
Industry:Weather
Any of the fundamental equations of hydrodynamics expressed in Lagrangian coordinates. In the Lagrangian description, the independent variables are time and a set of particle labels (such as the initial position of each particle). Although the Lagrangian description is employed less frequently than the Eulerian description, it can be particularly useful in combined chemistry/ dynamics problems such as stratosphere/troposphere exchange along isentropic surfaces that intersect the tropopause.
Industry:Weather
Any of a number of altitude regions found in the atmosphere, each of which can be characterized by unique physical or chemical properties. These layers can exist as the result of chemistry or dynamics. Examples of layers encountered in the atmosphere are the planetary boundary layer, the D, E, and F layers of the ionosphere, and the stratospheric ozone layer. See Chapman layer.
Industry:Weather
Any emission of light at temperatures below that required for incandescence.
Industry:Weather
An ocean surface at a depth where the current speed is assumed to be zero. The determination of currents through the dynamic method gives only relative speeds, therefore an ocean surface at depth has to be chosen as a reference of no motion for the water column above it.
Industry:Weather
An obsolete device that combines a mercury barometer and a hair hygrometer in a manner such that the dewpoint temperature is derived.
Industry:Weather
An interpolation procedure used to estimate a variable at unsampled locations using weighted sums of the variable at neighboring sample points. The procedure is designed to minimize the variance of the estimation errors. As a meteorological example, kriging can be used for two-dimensional spatial interpolation of irregularly spaced observational data onto a uniform set of grid points to provide input for a numerical forecasting model.
Industry:Weather
An idealized, mathematical vortex consisting of the limit of the contraction of a vortex tube to a curve in space. The flow surrounding the curve is assumed irrotational.
Industry:Weather
