- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A vertical subdivision of the standard artillery atmosphere; it may be considered a layer of air of prescribed thickness and altitude.
Industry:Weather
A vertical density gradient (as determined by the vertical temperature and salinity gradients and equation of state) in some layer of a body of water, which is appreciably greater than the gradients above and below it; also a layer in which such a gradient occurs. The principal pycnoclines in the ocean are either seasonal, due to heating of the surface water in summer or freshwater inputs, or permanent.
Industry:Weather
A vertical coordinate system based on the pressure of the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
A vertical coordinate for atmospheric models defined as pressure normalized by its surface value, or as the difference in pressure and its value at the top of the model atmosphere normalized by the surface value of this difference. Thus, σ = (''p'' − ''p<sub>T</sub>'')/(''p<sub>S</sub>'' − ''p<sub>T</sub>'') where ''p'' is pressure, and the subscripts ''T'' and ''S'' stand for the top and the ground surface values of the model atmosphere, respectively. With the sigma coordinate, the lowest coordinate surface follows the model terrain, resulting in significant simplification of the equations compared to pressure or to an unmodified geometric height coordinate. See eta vertical coordinate, hybrid vertical coordinate, isentropic vertical coordinate, pressure vertical coordinates, height vertical coordinate.
Industry:Weather
A vehicle designed or adapted for high-altitude research. The ideal meteorological research rocket has a low thrust and long burning time to avoid high acceleration while attaining high altitude, has a large and recoverable payload, and is a stable platform for experimental equipment.
Industry:Weather
A vector that leads from the origin of a given coordinate system to a given point in space, thus specifying the position of the point relative to the chosen coordinate system.
Industry:Weather
A useful approximation to radiative transfer in which the radiation undergoes at most one scattering event. Single-scattering is most appropriate for scattering optical thicknesses less than about 0. 1 when there is no absorption, but can be applied to thicker media as the single-scatter albedo is lowered.
Industry:Weather
A universally used term for the processing of data immediately upon their receipt.
Industry:Weather
