- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A type of instrument shelter. The shelter is a wooden box painted white with double louvered sides and mounted on a stand 122 cm (4 ft) above the ground. In addition to the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers, it usually contains maximum and minimum thermometers.
Industry:Weather
A type of higher-order turbulence closure in which prognostic equations are retained for mean variables (such as potential temperature and wind), as well as for some of the higher-order statistics, including variance (such as turbulence kinetic energy or temperature variance) and covariance (kinematic fluxes such as for heat and momentum). Any third- and higher-moment statistics remaining in the equations are approximated as functions of lower-order statistics and independent variables. Compare first-order closure, K-theory, one-and-a-half order closure, nonlocal closure, closure assumptions.
Industry:Weather
A type of graph paper on which the cumulative or exceedance probability of random variables for a specified distribution plot is a straight line when plotted. Traditionally, values of the random variable are on the vertical axis, and probability values on the horizontal axis. The empirical distribution obtained by plotting data points is used for return period determination. See plotting position.
Industry:Weather
A type of flow pattern in a rotating fluid with differential radial heating in which the major radial transport of heat and momentum is effected by horizontal eddies of low wavenumber. This regime occurs for low values of the Rossby number (on the order of 0. 1). The term has been used in connection with dishpan experiments, but applies as well to the atmosphere of the earth and other planets.
Industry:Weather
A type of conformal map in which features on a sphere are projected onto a plane tangent to the sphere. The source of projecting rays is a point diametrically opposite the tangent point. See conformal map.
Industry:Weather
A type of climate model that simulates the vertical profile of atmospheric temperature under the assumption of radiative–convective equilibrium. Useful for theoretical studies of climate sensitivity, these models are capable of sophisticated treatments of radiative transfer. They typically ignore the effects of horizontal transport.
Industry:Weather
A type of air pollution source that releases emissions from a specific location and is permanent or semipermanent structures at that location. Examples are smokestacks, vents, power plants, mines, farms, buildings, and trees. Compare mobile source.
Industry:Weather
A type of air mass with characteristics developed over high latitudes, especially within the subpolar highs. Continental polar air (cP) has low surface temperature, low moisture content, and, especially in its source regions, great stability in the lower layers. It is shallow in comparison with arctic air. Maritime polar air (mP) initially possesses similar properties to those of continental polar air, but in passing over warmer water it becomes unstable with a higher moisture content.
Industry:Weather
A type of advection fog formed when air that has been lying over a warm water surface is transported over a colder water surface, resulting in cooling of the lower layer of air below its dewpoint.
Industry:Weather
A twofold process in which a localized region on the surface of a piece of ice melts when pressure is applied to that region (pressure melting) and then refreezes when pressure is reduced. Regelation was discovered by Faraday, who found that two pieces of ice at 0°C would freeze together if pressed against each other and then released. Regelation occurs only for substances, such as ice, that have the property of expanding upon freezing, for the melting points of those substances decrease with increasing external pressure. The melting point of pure ice decreases with pressure at the rate of 0. 0072°C per atmosphere. Since this rate is very small, regelation only occurs at ice temperatures of 0°C or very slightly less. The fact that snowballs can be packed well at near 0°C but not at much colder temperatures is a consequence of regelation.
Industry:Weather
