- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A frozen layer of ground, at the base of the active layer, that may persist for one or several years. The term is Russian meaning “survives over the summer. ” Pereletok may easily be mistaken for permafrost.
Industry:Weather
All sea ice other than fast ice; thus, sea ice that is capable of substantial motion and deformation.
Industry:Weather
All sea ice other than fast ice; thus, sea ice that is capable of substantial motion and deformation.
Industry:Weather
A Russian term meaning an area of open water, possibly containing some thin ice, within the ice pack. A polyn'ya is distinguished from a lead by being a broad opening rather than a long, narrow fracture.
Industry:Weather
A Russian term meaning an area of open water, possibly containing some thin ice, within the ice pack. A polyn'ya is distinguished from a lead by being a broad opening rather than a long, narrow fracture.
Industry:Weather
An oceanographic station consisting of one or more Nansen casts.
Industry:Weather
For any month at a given station, the ratio of the monthly normal precipitation to one-twelfth of the annual normal precipitation. Seen collectively, the 12 pluviometric coefficients describe the normal month-to-month distribution of the normal annual precipitation in terms of each month's “share” of the annual amount. See isomer.
Industry:Weather
For any month at a given station, the ratio of the monthly normal precipitation to one-twelfth of the annual normal precipitation. Seen collectively, the 12 pluviometric coefficients describe the normal month-to-month distribution of the normal annual precipitation in terms of each month's “share” of the annual amount. See isomer.
Industry:Weather
The ability of a fluid at rest to become turbulent or laminar due to the effects of buoyancy. A fluid, such as air, tending to become or remain turbulent is said to be statically unstable; one tending to become or remain laminar is statically stable; and one on the borderline between the two (which might remain laminar or turbulent depending on its history) is statically neutral. The concept of static stability can also be applied to air not at rest by considering only the buoyant effects and neglecting all other shear and inertial effects of motion. However, if any of these other dynamic stability effects would indicate that the flow is dynamically unstable, then the flow will become turbulent regardless of the static stability. That is, turbulence has physical priority, when considering all possible measures of flow stability (e.g., the air is turbulent if any one or more of static, dynamic, inertial, barotropic, etc. , effects indicates instability). Turbulence that forms in statically unstable air will act to reduce or eliminate the instability that caused it by moving less dense fluid up and more dense fluid down, and by creating a neutrally buoyant mixture. Thus, turbulence will tend to decay with time as static instabilities are eliminated, unless some outside forcing (such as heating of the bottom of a layer of air by contact with the warm ground during a sunny day) continually acts to destabilize the air. This latter mechanism is one of the reasons why the atmospheric boundary layer can be turbulent all day. Compare dynamic stability, lapse rate, Brunt–Väisälä frequency, nonlocal static stability, adiabatic equilibrium; See'' also'' slice method, buoyant instability.
Industry:Weather
