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Cesanite is the end member of the apatite-wilkeite-ellestadite series that substitutes all of apatite's phosphate ions with sulfate ions and balances the difference in charge by replacing several calcium ions with sodium ions. Currently very few sites bearing cesanite have been found and are limited to a geothermal field in Cesano, Italy from which its name is derived, Măgurici Cave in Romania, and in the San Salvador Island caves in the Bahamas.
Industry:Geology; Mining
Lithiophilite is a mineral containing the element lithium. It is lithium manganese(II) phosphate with formula: LiMnPO4. It occurs in pegmatites often associated with triphylite, the iron end member in a solid solution series. The mineral with intermediate composition is known as sicklerite (Li(Mn,Fe)PO4). The name lithiophilite is derived from the Greek philos (φιλός) "friend," as lithiophilite is usually found with lithium.
Industry:Geology; Mining
Nosean, also known as Noselite, is a mineral of the feldspathoid group with formula: Na8Al6Si6O24(SO4). It forms isometric crystals of variable color: white, grey, blue, green, to brown. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6 and a specific gravity of 2.3 to 2.4. It is fluorescent. It is found in low silica igneous rocks. There is a solid solution between nosean and hauyne, which contains calcium.
Industry:Geology; Mining
Nyerereite is a very rare sodium calcium carbonate mineral with formula Na2Ca(CO3)2. It forms colorless, platey pseudohexagonal orthorhombic crystals that are typically twinned. It has a specific gravity of 2.54 and indices of refraction of nα=1.511, nβ=1.533 and nγ=1.535. Nyerereite is not stable in contact with the atmosphere and rapidly breaks down. Collection specimens must be kept in a sealed argon environment.
Industry:Geology; Mining
Pseudowollastonite is a high-temperature polymorph of wollastonite. Its formula can be written as CaSiO3 or as Ca3Si3O9. Other names include wollastonite 7T, ß-Wollastonite, and cyclowollastonite. It occurs in high temperature (pyrometamorphic) environments such as the Hatrurim Formation of the Negev Desert and the graphite mine at Pfaffenrenth near Hauzenberg, Bavaria. It also occurs in slags and cement.
Industry:Geology; Mining
Abenakiite-(Ce) (or IMA 1991-054) is a mineral of sodium, cerium, neodymium, lanthanum, praseodymium, thorium, samarium, oxygen, sulfur, carbon, phosphorus, and silicon with a chemical formula Na26(Ce,Nd,La,Pr,Th,Sm)6-(O
Industry:Geology; Mining
Annite is a phyllosilicate mineral in the mica family. It has a chemical formula of KFe32+AlSi3O10(OH,F)2. Annite is the iron end member of the biotite mica group, the iron rich analogue of magnesium rich phlogopite. Annite is monoclinic and contains tabular crystals and cleavage fragments with pseudohexagonal outlines. There are contact twins with composition surface (001) and twin axis (310).
Industry:Geology; Mining
Dickite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) is a phyllosilicate clay mineral chemically composed of aluminium, silicon, hydrogen and oxygen contributing 20.90%, 21.76%, 1.56%, and 55.78% each respectively. It has the same composition as kaolinite, nacrite, and halloysite, but with a different crystal structure (polymorph). Dickite sometimes contains impurities such as titanium, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium.
Industry:Geology; Mining
Alarsite (AlAsO4) is an aluminium arsenate mineral with its name derived from its composition: aluminium and arsenate. It occurs as brittle subhedral grains which exhibit trigonal symmetry. It has a Mohs hardness of 5-5.5 and a specific gravity of 3.32. It is semitransparent, colorless with pale yellow tints and shows a vitreous luster. It is optically uniaxial (+) with refractive indices of nω = 1.596 and nε = 1.608.
Industry:Geology; Mining
Nickel(II) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO. It is notable as being the only well characterized oxide of nickel (although nickel(III) oxide, Ni2O3 and NiO2 have been claimed ). The mineralogical form of NiO, bunsenite, is very rare. It is classified as a basic metal oxide. Several million kilograms are produced in varying quality annually, mainly as an intermediate in the production of nickel alloys.
Industry:Geology; Mining
