- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Turbulence occurring in convective storms, particularly thunderstorms, that is felt by aircraft. The turbulence is caused by strong updrafts and downdrafts.
Industry:Weather
Trichloromethane, CHCl3; halocarbon that was formerly in widespread use as an anesthetic. Due to its relatively low emission rate and short lifetime, it reaches only low levels in the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
Transport of energy (charge) solely as a consequence of random motions of individual molecules (ions, electrons) not moving together in coherent groups. Conduction of energy is a consequence of temperature gradients; conduction of charge (electrical conduction) is a consequence of electric potential gradients. Conduction is distinguished from convection in which energy (or charge) is transported by molecules (ions, electrons) moving together in coherent groups.
Industry:Weather
Three-dimensional regions in a turbulent flow with characteristic structures and lifetimes in terms of velocity, temperature, etc. , that are significantly larger or longer-lived than the smallest local scales. Much of the turbulent transport, conversion of mean flow energy into turbulent eddies, nonlinear transfer into smaller scales, and eventual dissipation is associated with coherent structures. Examples include gust microfronts and horseshoe vortices in the surface layer, convective plumes, and longitudinal roll vortices. See longitudinal rolls, convective plume, Langmuir circulation.
Industry:Weather
Theory of chemical reactivity that states that only colliding molecules can undergo chemical reaction and then only if their combined kinetic energy exceeds a critical value. The maximum value for the rate coefficient for a simple, bimolecular, gas-phase reaction, assuming reaction occurs on every collision, is about 2 × 10−10 cm3 per molecule per second. Actual rate coefficients are lower due to two effects.
Industry:Weather
The zone that includes both the continental shelf or continental borderland and the continental slope.
Industry:Weather
The zone around the continents extending from the low-water mark seaward to where there is a marked increase in slope to greater depths.
Industry:Weather
The zone above the water table and below the boundary of saturation where the soil is saturated but at pressures less than atmospheric (i.e., under tension). A new equivalent term gaining acceptance is tension saturated zone.
Industry:Weather
The water volume within a specified portion of a stream channel at any given time.
Industry:Weather
The water mass of the permanent or oceanic thermocline, which is located at a depth of between 150 and 800 m. Central water is formed by subduction in the subtropics between 25° and 45° latitude in both hemispheres. It therefore spans a wide temperature and salinity range, with temperature and salinity both decreasing with depth. Each ocean has its own central water with its own specific temperature–salinity relationship depending on the atmospheric conditions in the formation region. These are distinguished by appropriate names, for example, South Atlantic Central Water, Western North Pacific Central Water, etc.
Industry:Weather
