- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
In astronomia, la disposizione della terra, sole e uno degli altri pianeti o la luna, in cui l'angolo sotteso a terra tra il sole e il terzo corpo, sul piano dell'eclittica, è di 180°. In questo caso, un pianeta superiore è sul lato opposto della terra dal sole e si osserva più facilmente. Confrontare la congiunzione, quadratura.
Industry:Weather
I valori limite del soffitto, visibilità e vento o raggio visivo della pista, stabiliscono come minimi di sicurezza per aerei atterraggi e decolli. Aeromobili civili operano sotto i limiti previsti nei regolamenti di aria civile e aerei militari operano sotto i limiti stabiliti dalle rispettive organizzazioni militari. Limiti per le operazioni di giorno e di notte di solito differiscono. Inoltre, i limiti variano secondo aeroporto ambiente, aiuti alla navigazione e tipo di velivolo.
Industry:Weather
In general, a mutual relationship between variables or other entities.
In statistical terminology, it is a form of statistical dependence.
When used without further qualification, the statistical term correlation usually refers to simple, linear correlation between two variables ''x'', ''y'' and is measured by the product-moment coefficient of correlation or its sample estimate ''r'' defined as follows, where the respective population mean values of ''x'' and ''y'' are denoted by ξ and ζ, the respective standard deviations by σ(''x'') and σ( ''y''), and where ''E'' is the expected value:
<center>[[File:ams2001glos-Ce41.gif
Industry:Weather
La colonna di mercurio impiegato in un barometro a mercurio, l'altezza delle quali (pollici di mercurio) è usata come misura della pressione atmosferica.
Industry:Weather
Sostanza capace di causare ossidazione di, ad esempio, una specie atmosferiche. L'ossidante più comune nella troposfera è ozono, che può essere rilevato dalla sua reazione con ioduro di potassio (KI). Così, per estensione, qualsiasi specie che si ossida KI storicamente è stato classificato come un ossidante atmosferico.
Industry:Weather
(Symbol O. ) An element, atomic number 8, atomic weight 16. 0; molecular oxygen, formula O<sub>2</sub>, molecular weight 32, is the second most abundant species in the atmosphere, with an abundance of approximately 21% at sea level. The atmospheric abundance of O<sub>2</sub> remains fairly constant up to about 80 km, above which substantial photodissociation to atomic oxygen occurs. Oxygen is a prerequisite to almost all forms of terrestrial life. Oxygen was probably released from minerals such as carbonates resulting in the evolution from a reducing to an oxidizing atmosphere. The general tendency is for reduced emissions from the earth's surface to be oxidized to simpler, oxygen-containing species. Atomic oxygen is formed in the photolysis of molecular oxygen, O<sub>2</sub>; ozone, O<sub>3</sub>; or nitrogen dioxide, NO<sub>2</sub>, in the atmosphere. Below about 40 km, its predominant fate is recombination with molecular oxygen to form ozone. Above that altitude it can participate in other chemical reactions, which may lead to ozone destruction. Both molecular and atomic oxygen have low-lying electronically excited states that are important in the atmosphere. The <sup>1</sup>Δ and <sup>1</sup>Σ states of O<sub>2</sub> are relatively long- lived, and fluorescence from these states contributes to the airglow. The O<sup>1</sup>D state of atomic oxygen, formed in ozone photolysis, reacts to form the hydroxyl radical, which is the primary oxidant in the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
A nearly colorless gas, formula O<sub>3</sub>, molecular weight 48, that appears blue in the condensed phase or at high concentration, with a characteristic odor like that of weak chlorine. It is formed in the reaction between atomic oxygen and molecular oxygen:. It is a very strong absorber of ultraviolet radiation, and the presence of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere provides an ozone shield that prevents dangerous radiation from reaching the earth's surface and allows the existence of life in its present forms. Ozone, produced by photochemical reactions, is found at all altitudes in the atmosphere. The total amount of ozone in the atmosphere would correspond to less than 1 part per million if uniformly distributed, or a column amount of about 3 mm if compressed to sea level pressure. In the troposphere, it is regarded as a pollutant, and its presence in high concentrations can lead to respiratory stress and crop damage. Ozone is an important component of photochemical smog and can also be formed locally by the action of electrical discharges on the air. Ozone in the free troposphere often results from downward transport from the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, ozone is formed following the absorption of radiation by molecular oxygen. Its mixing ratio there can reach several parts per million, and the temperature inversion characteristic of the stratosphere is due to the strong absorption of energy by ozone molecules in this region. In the stratosphere, ozone is destroyed predominantly by catalytic cycles involving free radicals, many of which are formed as products of human activity. Ozone has several radiation absorption bands that are atmospherically important: the very intense Hartley band, between 200 and 300 nm, which is responsible for much of the heating of the upper atmosphere; the Huggins bands, between 320 and 360 nm; the Chappuis bands, between 450 and 650 nm; and infrared bands, centered at 4. 7, 9. 6, and 14. 1 μm. All the above bands have been used for the detection of ozone using various remote sensing techniques. Absorption by ozone in the infrared is responsible for its effectiveness as a greenhouse gas. See Dobson unit.
Industry:Weather
Una regione circostante o ad una certa distanza da una sorgente sonora, come un'esplosione, in cui suono non può essere rilevato, solitamente da un umano senza sussidi speciali, anche se l'origine può essere nel raggio visivo.
Industry:Weather
Un debole cono di luce nel cielo notturno che si estende verso l'alto dall'orizzonte in direzione dell'eclittica (Zodiaco).
Si è visto a latitudini tropicali per un paio d'ore dopo il tramonto o prima dell'alba. È spiegato principalmente la diffusione della luce solare avanti da particelle nello spazio interplanetario lungo l'eclittica.
Industry:Weather
Una misura del diametro che contribuisce di più verso il cloud acqua liquida o massa. Vedere distribuzione di dimensione di goccia.
Industry:Weather
