- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Shape of the curve recorded by a barograph during the 3-h period preceding an observation, represented on the synoptic chart by a symbol with a similar shape.
Industry:Weather
Set of reactions in which a reactive component (usually a free radical) is continuously regenerated, enabling the reactions to occur many times before being terminated. A typical chain reaction consists of distinct initiation, propagation, and termination reactions. Catalytic cycles occurring in the atmosphere are entirely analogous.
Industry:Weather
Requirement of deciduous fruit trees and some other plants for undergoing cold temperatures during the dormant period. Sufficient chilling brings about emergence from dormancy and normal fruit set and growth during the following season. See chill hour.
Industry:Weather
Response of the plant or crop to carbon dioxide fertilization (e.g., enhancement of yield, nitrogen fixation, compensation for temperature and low light levels, and increased water use efficiency).
Industry:Weather
Regions in the solar corona of locally lower density and lower temperature. They are characterized by a magnetic field that is open to interplanetary space and are associated with high-speed solar wind streams. These regions appear dark in spectroheliograms when observed in emission lines from the corona.
Industry:Weather
Relatively unreactive sulfur gas (COS) that can persist in the atmosphere long enough for transport to the stratosphere to occur, where its oxidation is responsible for the maintenance of the background stratospheric sulfate layer. This link between the biosphere and the stratosphere was recognized by Paul Crutzen in 1976. The atmospheric budget of COS is intimately linked to the biosphere, since it can be both released from, and taken up by, vegetation.
Industry:Weather
Reasoning by analogy and previous experience. This is often the method employed by experienced weather forecasters and is the basis of forecasting by analogy. Successful development of expert systems or training of neural networks in meteorology often hinges on the appropriate selection of cases and their analysis.
Industry:Weather
Reduced sulfur gas CS2 formed predominantly in industrial processes, but also emitted from natural sources. Following its oxidation by the hydroxyl radical it is transformed largely to carbonyl sulfide (COS).
Industry:Weather
Rain that leaves a colored stain on the ground and on exposed objects, often red or rusty in hue. The coloration is usually the result of rain picking up particles as it falls through a dust-filled subcloud layer. The subcloud layer, usually rich in iron oxide, may originate from an area far from the observed colored rain event. This phenomenon has been observed frequently in Italy with particles advected northward from the Sahara. See blood rain.
Industry:Weather
Radioactive isotopes formed in the upper atmosphere by the action of cosmic rays on atmospheric constituents. The carbon isotope 14C, referred to as radiocarbon, is the best-known example.
Industry:Weather
