- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Second of the series of organic (carboxylic) acids, formula CH<sub>3</sub>COOH, systematic name ethanoic acid. Acetic acid is thought to be formed in the atmosphere from the oxidation of acetaldehyde, although the exact details of the transformation are unknown. It contributes to the acidity of rainfall in remote (unpolluted) areas.
Industry:Weather
Aldehyde, formula CH3CHO, formed in the oxidation of ethane and other organic compounds. It is a major precursor to the pollutant, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN).
Industry:Weather
The state of a column of air in the atmosphere when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the saturation-adiabatic lapse rate. An air parcel displaced upward by an adiabatic process would then be more dense than its environment and would tend to sink back to its level of origin. Compare absolute instability.
Industry:Weather
Acronym for acoustic detection and ranging instruments; also used to describe an atmospheric sounding made with such a device.
Industry:Weather
The extent to which results of a calculation or the readings of an instrument approach the true values of the calculated or measured quantities.
Industry:Weather
The region of strong radar reflectivity within the echo overhang of a severe thunderstorm. Within this zone large suspended hydrometeors are assumed to be growing.
Industry:Weather
A class of rain gauges in which the precipitation is accumulated over time. The depth of accumulated precipitation can be determined by the level of a float, by weighing, or by manual direct measurement of water depth. For long-term, unattended operation a known amount of liquid that prevents evaporation is placed in the collection container.
Industry:Weather
In Great Britain, the accumulated excess of temperature above a given standard temperature. It is expressed in degree-hours or degree-days. For each day, degree-hours are determined as the product of the length of time, in hours, during which temperatures are above the standard, and the amount, in degrees, by which the mean temperature of the period exceeds the standard. Division of the resulting degree-hour value by 24 gives a value in degree-days. Summation of either over the period of interest creates the accumulated temperature. The concept of accumulated temperature was introduced into plant geography by A. De Candolle (1855); his standard temperature was 6°C (42. 8°F), below which he considered that no vegetative growth took place. It was introduced into agricultural meteorology in Britain in 1878, when accumulated temperatures in excess of 42°F were first published regularly in the Weekly Weather Report. These were calculated from the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. In heating calculations, a form of accumulated temperature is calculated as the number of degree-days below the standard, which is taken as 65°F in the United States and 60°F in Great Britain. Since the standard temperatures differ, degree-days are not interchangeable between the two countries.
Industry:Weather
Aerosol particles in the size range 0. 5–2 μm in diameter. The name arises from the fact that particles in this size range are aerodynamically stable and do not settle out, nor do they agglomerate to form larger particles; thus they tend to accumulate in the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
