- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A measure of the extinction due to absorption of monochromatic radiation as it traverses a medium. Usually expressed as a volume absorption coefficient, kv, with units of reciprocal length (i.e., area per unit volume), but also as a mass absorption coefficient, km, with units of area per unit mass. The two are related by kv = km, where is the density of the absorber.
Industry:Weather
A connected series of closely spaced or overlapping absorption lines. Absorption bands are common features in the absorption spectra of polyatomic gases. Absorption bands arise when absorbed photons are converted to simultaneous changes in more than one of the electronic, vibrational, or rotational molecular energy states. Changes to vibrational energy are usually accompanied by changes in rotational energy and give rise to vibrational-rotational absorption bands. Similarly, changes to molecular electron levels yield electronic-vibrational-rotational absorption bands.
Industry:Weather
1. The process in which incident radiant energy is retained by a substance. A further process always results from absorption, that is, the irreversible conversion of the absorbed radiation into some other form of energy within and according to the nature of the absorbing medium. The absorbing medium itself may emit radiation, but only after an energy conversion has occurred. See attenuation. 2. The taking up or assimilation of one substance by another. The substances may combine chemically, or the absorption may just correspond to a physical solubility. See Henry's law.
Industry:Weather
Solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere's constituent gases, suspended material, clouds, or by the earth's surface.
Industry:Weather
Used mostly by chemists, the negative logarithm (base 10) of the transmittance of an absorbing sample, often corrected for reflection by its container. Despite its name, absorbance is a consequence of both scattering and absorption, although scattering is usually assumed to be negligible. To within a constant multiplier, absorbance is absorption optical thickness and depends on the physical thickness of the sample.
Industry:Weather
Highest or lowest temperature observed over a specified period of observation used as a climatological record.
Industry:Weather
Barometer that provides absolute measurements of pressure without having to be calibrated. For example, large sylphon barometers with optical reading have been a preferred type of primary or absolute standard barometer.
Industry:Weather
(Or absolute index of refraction. ) See refractive index.
Industry:Weather
