- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The fraction of the total atmospheric burden of a given element that is found in the particulate phase. These factors are most often given for sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen.
Industry:Weather
The fourth-order division of geologic time, delimited by very minor changes, usually in sea level and/or climate or in the biota and usually local, that is, limited to a single continent or portion thereof. In general, two or more geologic ages constitute a geologic epoch, and geologic ages may be defined differently in different parts of the world.
Industry:Weather
The formation of an ice coating when fog contacts exposed surfaces that are at temperatures below freezing.
Industry:Weather
The first reflection of a lightning stroke from the ionosphere that arrives after the original ground wave.
Industry:Weather
The exchange of airmass properties and the associated momentum and energy transports produced on a worldwide scale by the migratory large-scale disturbances of middle latitudes. When the atmospheric circulation is regarded as a large-scale turbulence process, the cyclones and anticyclones are considered to be eddies superposed on the average zonal wind currents. The mixing length, that is, the average distance over which these traveling eddies maintain the characteristics of their original environment, has a value near 108 cm. The coefficient of turbulent mass exchange or the exchange coefficient, which is a measure of the intensity of the large-scale exchange processes and hence of the intensity of the general circulation, has a magnitude of between 108 and 106 gm cm−1s−1 (compared with a value of about 102 gm cm−1s−1 for small-scale turbulence). On the basis of results obtained so far, there is considerable doubt whether turbulence concepts can be applied meaningfully to the large-scale features of the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
The forced ascent of the warmer, less dense air at and near a front, occurring whenever the relative velocities of the two air masses are such that they converge at the front. See convection.
Industry:Weather
The estimated amount of water stored in the saturated zone and the estimated amount of recoverable water stored in the unsaturated zone of an aquifer.
Industry:Weather
The emission of radiation associated with the relaxation of an atom or molecule from an excited energy level to a lower (usually ground state) level. The emission can be in the visible or ultraviolet if an electronic transition is involved, or in the infrared if it is a vibrational transition. See also resonance fluorescence, laser-induced fluorescence, luminescence.
Industry:Weather
The equations of motion, the equation of continuity, the energy equation, the equation of state, and the equation of continuity for water substance, considered together as a closed system of equations. A simplified physical model can dispense with certain of these equations without sacrificing completeness; for example, in two-dimensional homogeneous incompressible flow, kinetic energy is the only form of energy, and the equations of motion and continuity form a closed system.
Industry:Weather
