- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Cross section of an open channel or stream, where measurements of flow depth and velocity are made in order to determine rating curves.
Industry:Weather
Damage to skin tissue resulting from contact of bare skin with metal surfaces at below- freezing temperatures.
Industry:Weather
Convective cells that penetrate from below into the solar photosphere. These cells have an irregular shape with a typical size of 1 to 2 arc seconds (1000 km). They are relatively bright, separated by narrow dark lanes.
Industry:Weather
Commonly, and in aviation terminology, the lowest altitude in the atmosphere, over a given location, at which the air temperature is 0°C; the height of the 0°C constant-temperature surface. This simple concept may become slightly complicated by the existence of one or more “above- freezing layers” formed by temperature inversions at altitudes higher than the above-defined freezing level. In cloud physics terminology, this is more accurately termed the melting level, for melting of ice always occurs very near 0°C, but liquid cloud drops may remain supercooled to much colder temperatures. See icing level.
Industry:Weather
Combustible materials derived from the long-term decomposition of organic matter. Fossil fuels comprise coal, oil, and natural gas. The fuels are rich in carbon and high in energy content. Other minor constituents are sulfur and nitrogen.
Industry:Weather
Cloud species in which each cloud element is a small tuft with a cumuliform or rounded appearance, the lower part of which is more or less ragged and often accompanied by virga. This species is found in the genera cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, and sometimes also in stratocumulus. Cirrocumulus floccus sometimes evolves as the result of the dissipation of the common base of cirrocumulus castellanus; in like manner, altocumulus floccus may evolve from altocumulus castellanus. Cirrus floccus differs from cirrocumulus floccus in that its elements subtend an angle of greater than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. See cloud classification.
Industry:Weather
Colloquial expression for a short-lived, shallow, generally weak tornado found along a gust front. Gustnadoes are usually visualized by a rotating dust or debris cloud. See nonsupercell tornado.
Industry:Weather
Changing the frequency of a carrier wave by some means so that the resultant waveform transmits a signal conveying information. For example, if the carrier wave with angular frequency ω is cos(ωt), the corresponding frequency-modulated signal is
where a is a constant and. Frequency modulation is used in some continuous-wave radars to permit range determination, but it is not generally used in weather radars. Compare amplitude modulation.
Industry:Weather
