- 行业: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A series of operational polar-orbiting meteorological satellites launched by the former Soviet Union since 1969. There have been three series of Meteor satellites, Meteor-1, Meteor-2, and Meteor-3. Meteor instrumentation includes visible and infrared imaging radiometers, including an APT transmission, an infrared sounder, and an instrument to monitor the space environment.
Industry:Weather
A type of wind profiler designed to measure winds and other atmospheric parameters up to altitudes of 100 km or more. In the troposphere and lower stratosphere (up to about 30 km) the radar signal is returned from refractive index fluctuations produced by turbulence in the neutral atmosphere (see clear- air echo). In the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere (between about 60 and 100 km) refractive index variations are strengthened by the strong vertical gradient in electron density. Because the scale size of the refractive index fluctuations must be of the order of one-half the radar wavelength (Bragg scattering), and the minimum scale size of turbulence increases with height from a few centimeters in the lower troposphere to several meters in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, most MST radars have operated in the VHF band (typically 30–60 MHz, 5–10 m wavelengths). Very sensitive UHF radars can detect echoes from incoherent scattering (thermal or Thomson scatter) by electrons above 60 km. MST radars are characterized by high- powered transmitters and large antennas. (VHF antennas range from 100 to 300 m across. ) Similar wind profilers that lack the transmitter power and antenna area to detect returns from the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere have often been called ST (stratosphere–troposphere) radars.
Industry:Weather
The radio broadcast system for delivery of messages originated by government agencies and addressed to merchant ships when prior arrangements for such delivery have been made. Navy-issued storm warnings are carried on MERCAST. See General Broadcast, Fleet Broadcast.
Industry:Weather
1. A strong wind from the northeast or east that often sets in suddenly and blows during the day in summer on the Bulgarian coast and in the Bosporus. 2. Same as monsoon.
Industry:Weather
A parameterization of a complex model for turbulent flows in the planetary boundary layer. A series of simplifications of the full turbulence model to remove complex terms and form a closed set of equations leads to a hierarchy of so-called closure models of decreasing complexity labeled level 4 through level 1. The level 2. 5 model is widely used; it incorporates only one additional equation and produces conventional turbulent fluxes.
Industry:Weather
