- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The making of detailed weather observations or investigations from aircraft in flight. The aircraft may either fly regularly scheduled flights along a fixed route (usually over areas not covered by land or ship stations), or it may fly a special mission to survey a particular weather phenomenon such as a thunderstorm or tropical cyclone. The RECCO code is used to report weather reconnaissance data.
Industry:Weather
The major western semi of the subtropical gyre in the southern Indian Ocean and one of the swiftest ocean currents with mean speeds of 1. 6 m s−1 and peak speeds exceeding 2. 5 m s−1. Its total transport of 70 Sv (70 × 106 m3s−1) near 31°S and up to 135 Sv (135 × 106 m3s−1) near 35°S is also among the largest of all ocean currents. The Agulhas Current is fed mainly from the East Madagascar Current and to a smaller degree from the Mozambique Current. When passing the Agulhas Bank, the current produces significant upwelling. To the south of the Cape of Good Hope, the current flows west to southwestward first but turns sharply eastward when reaching the Agulhas Current retroflexion region near 40°S, 20°E. Eddies spawned in this region continue to move westward and turn northward to join the Benguela Current. The transport of water from the Indian into the Atlantic Ocean through the eddies is an important part of the global ocean conveyor belt.
Industry:Weather
Irregular motion of an aircraft in flight, especially when characterized by rapid up-and-down motion, caused by a rapid variation of atmospheric wind velocities. This can occur in cloudy areas (particularly towering cumulus and lenticular clouds) and in clear air. Turbulence is the leading cause of nonfatal passenger and flight attendant injuries. The U. S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) classifies aircraft turbulence as follows:
* Light: Causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude, and rhythmic bumpiness as occupants feel a slight strain against seat belts. * Moderate: Similar to light, but of greater intensity, with rapid bumps or jolts, and occupants feel a slight strain against seat belts. * Severe: Turbulence that causes large, abrupt changes in altitude and attitude, and large variations in airspeed, with the aircraft temporarily out of control. Occupants are forced violently against their seat belts and objects are tossed about, with food service and walking impossible. * Extreme: The aircraft is tossed about so violently that it is practically impossible to control, and structural damage may occur.
Industry:Weather
The art of measuring the temperature of the environment from aircraft.
Industry:Weather
Radar equipment mounted on an aircraft for purposes of weather avoidance or weather observation. Airborne weather avoidance radars are usually mounted in the nose of the aircraft, scanning ahead of the aircraft for weather hazards. Airborne research radars are frequently Doppler radars that provide measurements of radial wind or turbulence in addition to radar reflectivity. Such radars are typically side-pointing or helical scanning and may use dual beams to enable dual- Doppler analysis of storm motions. Airborne weather radars ordinarily operate at wavelengths of C-band or shorter to keep the physical size of the equipment small.
Industry:Weather
A device used on a moving platform such as an aircraft that, when quickly opened and closed, captures a representative sample of the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
Pressure, temperature, and humidity data observed during climb or descent of an aircraft.
Industry:Weather
An evaluation by an observer aboard an aircraft in flight of one or more of the following elements: temperature; humidity; wind speed and direction; turbulence; icing; prevailing hydrometeors and lithometeors; the state of the sky; and the height of a specified pressure surface. The observation includes the position and the altitude of the aircraft and time of observation. This term is applied to those in-flight observations that are conducted on a fairly complete and formal basis, such as in aircraft weather reconnaissance. Compare pilot report, apob, aircraft sounding.
Industry:Weather
Meteorological station situated aboard an aircraft.
Industry:Weather
