- 行业: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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- Company Profile:
The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The middle and far infrared portions of the spectrum; mainly used to distinguish infrared radiation of terrestrial origin from the solar infrared.
Industry:Weather
The mechanical, chemical, or biological action of the atmosphere, hydrometeors, and suspended impurities on the form, color, or constitution of exposed material; to be distinguished from erosion. Mechanical weathering results from the disintegrating action of high or low temperature, large changes of temperature, frost, or the impact of wind-borne sand or water (e. G. , frost action, scouring, etc. ). Chemical weathering is due to the chemical action of atmospheric constituents, especially acid impurities, in a moist atmosphere or in rainwater (e.g. Corrosion, oxidation, etc. ). Biological agents are mainly fungi that attack organic material (e. G. , rotting, mildew, etc. ).
Industry:Weather
The measurement and computation of wind speeds and directions at various levels above the surface of the earth. Among the methods employed are 1) the visual tracking, by theodolite, of ascending balloons (pilot-balloon observation or rabal); 2) the use of a radio direction finder to track the radio signals emitted by an ascending radiosonde or other type of transponder (rawinsonde observation or rawin observation); 3) the use of radar to track a balloon-borne radar target, sometimes in combination with a radiosonde (rawin observation). The tracking of high-altitude, constant- level balloons (transosonde) may be considered to fall within this group. Winds-aloft data are included in many aircraft observations, particularly in aircraft weather reconnaissance flights.
Industry:Weather
The mean of values measured within a three-dimensional volume. Such measurements are typical of volume-scanning remote sensors such as radar and lidar. It is also used in physical and numerical simulations of the atmosphere. Compare ensemble average, time average, ergodic condition.
Industry:Weather
The mean of values measured over different times. Compare ensemble average, spatial average, volume average, ergodic condition.
Industry:Weather
The loss of wave energy, with consequent decrease in wave height, due to wave breaking, turbulence, and viscous effects, and, in shallow water, due to the effects of bottom friction.
Industry:Weather
The long-term statistical characterization of the behavior of waves in the ocean. As an example, the seasonal variations in significant wave height may be characterized by calculating the monthly mean significant wave heights from several years of measurements.
Industry:Weather
The local variation of the wind vector or any of its components in a given direction. The vertical shear can be expressed in terms of height ∂''V''/∂''z'' or of pressure ∂''V''/∂''p'' as the vertical coordinate. If the wind is geostrophic, the vertical shear is given by the thermal wind equation. The wind shear at a point is said to be cyclonic or anticyclonic according to whether the sense of rotation from the wind vector to the shear vector at that point is cyclonic or anticyclonic.
Industry:Weather
