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McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
A collection of syndromes (not a disease) of nonprogressive motor dysfunction arising from abnormal development of or damage to the brain, either prenatally, at birth, or postnatally. Most cases of cerebral palsy develop in utero. Premature birth is associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy, with the lowest birth weights carrying the highest risk. A maximum of 15% of cases are related to birth injury or perinatal oxygen deprivation.
Industry:Science
A collection of techniques particularly suited for monitoring of devices and systems where physical size of components varies from a significant fraction of an electromagnetic wavelength to many wavelengths.
Industry:Science
A collection of workstations that perform operations such as manufacturing, assembly, inspection, finishing, and testing to create products. A workstation is a collection of resources that performs the same or similar operations for the same set of products. The resources at a workstation may be automated machines, machines operated by humans, or human operators performing manual operations. The storage and delivery of both raw materials and finished products are also part of the production system, but the focus here will be on the system that transforms materials and/or components into products.
Industry:Science
A collective name for any baryon with nonzero strangeness number <i>s</i>. The name hyperon has generally been limited to particles which are semistable, that is, which have long lifetimes relative to 10<sup>−22</sup> s and which decay by photon emission or through weaker decay interactions. Hyperonic particles which are unstable (that is, with lifetimes shorter than 10<sup>−22</sup> s) are referred to as excited hyperons. The known hyperons with spin 1/2ℏ (where ℏ is Planck's constant divided by 2π) are Λ, Σ<sup>−</sup>, Σ<sup>0</sup>, and Σ<sup>+</sup>, with <i>s</i> = −1, and Ξ<sup>−</sup> and Ξ<sup>0</sup>, with <i>s</i> = −2, together with the Ω<sup>−</sup> particle, which has spin 3/2ℏ and <i>s</i> = −3. The corresponding antihyperons have baryon number <i>B</i> = −1, and opposite values of strangeness <i>s</i> and charge <i>Q</i>; they are all known empirically.
Industry:Science
A collective name for those fungi which possess, under normal conditions of growth, a vegetative body (thallus) consisting, at least in part, of simple, single cells. The cells making up the thallus occur in pairs, in groups of three, or in straight or branched chains consisting of as many as 12 or more cells. Vegetative reproduction is characterized by budding or fission. Sexual reproduction also occurs in yeast, and is differentiated from that of other fungi by sexual states that are not enclosed in a fruiting body. Yeasts are a phylogenetically diverse group of organisms that occur in two divisions of fungi (Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina) and 100 genera. The 700 or more species that have been described possibly represent only 1% of the species in nature, so the majority of the yeasts have yet to be discovered. Yeast plays a large part in industrial fermentation processes such as the production of industrial enzymes and chemicals, food products, industrial ethanol, and malt beverage and wine; in diseases of humans, animals and plants; in food spoilage; and as a model of molecular genetics.
Industry:Science
A collective term for the classes Reptilia (reptiles), Aves (birds), and Mammalia (mammals) of the subphylum Vertebrata. The remaining vertebrates, including the several classes of fishes and the amphibians, are grouped together as the Anamnia. Members of the Amniota are characterized by having a series of specialized protective extraembryonic membranes during development. Three of the membranes—amnion, chorion or serosa, and allantois—occur only in this group, but a fourth, the yolk sac, is sometimes present and is found in many anamniotes. The presence of the extraembryonic membranes makes it possible for the embryonic development of the amniotes to take place out of the water. In the most primitive forms the early stages of development take place inside a shell-covered egg that is deposited on land. This pattern is typical of most reptiles, all birds, and some mammals (<b>Figs. 1</b> and <b>2</b>). In these animals the amnion and chorion form fluid-filled sacs which protect the embryo from desiccation and shock. The allantois usually acts as a storage place for digestive and nitrogenous wastes and, in conjunction with the chorion, as a respiratory structure. In viviparous reptiles and mammals the chorion and allantois generally fuse and become more or less intimately associated with the uterine lining of the mother. Nutritive, excretory and respiratory exchanges take place across the chorioallantoic membrane between the allantoic circulation of the embryo and the uterine circulatory vessels of the mother.
Industry:Science
A collective vernacular name sometimes used to designate four classes of the phylum Arthropoda as coordinate with the class Insecta (Hexapoda), but no longer considered a natural group. When originally proposed almost 2 centuries ago, it was believed that any terrestrial arthropod with more than six legs was, ipso facto, a “myriapod.” It is now known that members of these four classes are as different from each other as any one is from insects, although all five classes probably derived from a remote common ancestor. Shared characters include a ventral nerve cord; open circulatory system; respiration by a system of minute tubules (trachea), instead of by blood vessels, which distribute oxygen; body composed of a head capsule and an indefinite number of similar, leg-bearing segments; a single pair of antennae; and segmented appendages. Both sexes occur, with reproduction by means of internally fertilized eggs. Insects differ by having the body divided into a thorax region, with three pairs of legs and usually wings, and an abdominal region, the segments of which lack legs.
Industry:Science
A colloidal aggregate of a unique number (50 to 100) of amphipathic molecules, which occurs at a well-defined concentration called the critical micelle concentration. In polar media such as water, the hydrophobic part of the amphiphiles forming the micelle tends to locate away from the polar phase while the polar parts of the molecule (head groups) tend to locate at the polar micelle solvent interface.
Industry:Science
A colored substance which imparts more or less permanent color to other materials.
Industry:Science
A colorless gas, formula CH<sub>2</sub>=CH<sub>2</sub>, with a boiling point of −103.8°C (−155°F) and a melting point of −169.4°C (−273°F). Ethylene is the most important synthetic organic chemical in terms of volume, sales value, and number of derivatives. About half of the ethylene produced is used in the manufacture of polyethylene; ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride production uses about 20%, synthesis of ethylene oxide and derivatives account for about 12%, and styrene production consumes about 8% of the ethylene. Other important derivatives are ethanol, vinyl acetate, and acetaldehyde.
Industry:Science
