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McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
A genus of bacteria comprising large anaerobic spore-forming rods that usually stain gram-positive. Most species are anaerobes, but a few will grow minimally in air at atmospheric pressure.
Industry:Science
A genus of bacteria containing at least 28 species that are collectively referred to as staphylococci. Their usual habitat is animal skin and mucosal surfaces. Although the genus is known for the ability of some species to cause infectious diseases, many species rarely cause infections. Pathogenic staphylococci are usually opportunists and cause illness only in compromised hosts. <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> is a major component of the human skin flora. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, the most pathogenic species, is usually identified by its ability to produce coagulases (proteins that affect fibrinogen of the blood-clotting cascade). Since most other species of staphylococci do not produce coagulase, it is useful to divide staphylococci into coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative species. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are not highly virulent but are an important cause of infections in certain high-risk groups. Although <i>Staphylococcus</i> infections were once readily treatable with antibiotics, some strains have acquired genes making them resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.
Industry:Science
A genus of bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacteria appear as gram-negative rods and share many physiological properties with related <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Of the 11 species of <i>Yersinia, Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica</i>, and <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> are etiological agents of human disease. <i>Yersinia pestis</i> causes flea-borne bubonic plague (the black death), an extraordinarily acute process believed to have killed over 200 million people during human history. Enteropathogenic <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> and <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> typically cause mild chronic enteric infections. The remaining species either promote primary infection of fish (<i>Y. ruckeri</i>) or exist as secondary invaders or inhabitants of natural environments (<i>Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii, Y. mollaretii</i>, and <i>Y. rohdei</i>).
Industry:Science
A genus of bacteria named for Theodor Escherich, an Austrian pediatrician and bacteriologist, who first published on these bacteria in 1885. <i>Escherichia coli</i> is the most important of the six species which presently make up this genus, and it is among the most extensively scientifically characterized living organisms. <i>Escherichia coli</i> are gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria approximately 0.5 × 1–3 micrometers in size.
Industry:Science
A genus of bacteria that are parasites of mucous membranes. Subgenus <i>Moraxella</i> is characterized by gram-negative rods that are often very short and plump, frequently resembling a coccus, and usually occurring in pairs. Subgenus <i>Branhamella</i> has gram-negative cocci occurring as single cells or in pairs with the adjacent sides flattened. They are usually harmless parasites of humans and other warm-blooded animals and are generally considered not to be highly pathogenic. Most species may be opportunistic pathogens in predisposed or debilitated hosts.
Industry:Science
A genus of bacteria with a growth cycle differing from that of all other microorganisms. Chlamydiae grow only in living cells and cannot be cultured on artificial media. Although capable of synthesizing macromolecules, they have no system for generating energy; the host cell's energy system fuels the chlamydial metabolic processes. The genome is relatively small; the genomes of <i>C. pneumoniae</i> and <i>C. trachomatis</i> have been completely sequenced.
Industry:Science
A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, <i>Taxus</i>, with a fruit containing a single seed surrounded by a scarlet, fleshy, cuplike envelope (aril). The leaves are flat and acicular (needle-shaped), green below, with stalks extending downward on the stem. The only native American species of commercial importance is the rather uncommon Pacific yew (<i>T. brevifolia</i>), a medium-sized tree of the Pacific Coast and northern Rocky Mountain regions. Its wood is sometimes used for poles, paddles, bows, and small cabinetwork.
Industry:Science
A genus of extinct calcareous red algae (Rhodophyta). <i>Solenopora</i> is characterized by encrusting, rounded, nodular growth forms ranging in size from several millimeters to a few centimeters. Internally, this alga consists of calcified rows or filaments of cells, commonly polygonal in shape, ranging from 20 to 100 micrometers in diameter. Although the cellular tissue is similar to modern coralline algae, the cells in <i>Solenopora</i> are generally larger and are not differentiated into more than one kind of cellular arrangement.
Industry:Science
A genus of fossil algae. <i>Girvanella</i> is characterized by flexuous, tubular filaments of uniform diameter, composed of thick, calcareous walls (see <b>illus.</b>). External diameters average between 10 and 30 micrometers, although specimens less than 10 μm and up to about 100 μm have been identified as <i>Girvanella.</i> Filaments may occur free (unattached), but usually occur in groups, twisted together to form nodules and encrusting masses on various objects. The genus is intergrown with encrusting foraminifers in some Paleozoic limestones.
Industry:Science
A genus of fossil birds in the extinct order Archaeopterygiformes, characterized by flight feathers like those of modern birds. <i>Archaeopteryx</i> is generally accepted as the oldest known fossil bird. It represents a unique snapshot of evolution; most of its skeletal characters are shared with small carnivorous dinosaurs, yet it has fully feathered modern wings. <i>Archaeopteryx</i> is effectively a flying dinosaur—an ancient bird about the size of a modern magpie.
Industry:Science
