- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
A prime mover that burns fuel inside the engine, in contrast to an external combustion engine, such as a steam engine, which burns fuel in a separate furnace.
Industry:Science
A primitive order of ostariophysan fishes in which the first three vertebrae are specialized and associated with one or more cephalic ribs, thus representing a primitive Weberian apparatus (a series of bony ossicles that form a chain connecting the swim bladder with the inner ear). The order is further characterized by having the following features: an epibranchial (=suprabranchial) organ present, which consists of lateral pouches in the posterior part of the branchial chamber behind the fourth epibranchials; a small mouth and toothless jaws; no postcleithra and orbitosphenoid bones; and small parietal bones. The order comprises four families, treated below.
Industry:Science
A primitive vertebrate sensory system that is present in all larval and adult fishes, in larval amphibians (such as tadpoles), and in some adult amphibians that retain an aquatic lifestyle (including the clawed frog). It is absent from all reptiles, birds, and mammals, even those that are aquatic (such as turtles, dolphins, and whales). The lateral line system consists of 100 or more sensory organs (neuromasts) that are typically arranged in lines on or just under the skin of the head and body. Neuromasts are composed of sensory hair cells, which are also found in the auditory system of all vertebrates. The lateral line system responds to water flowing past the skin surface and uses different flow patterns over the body to form hydrodynamic images of the animal's nearby surroundings, just as the visual system forms visual images of the environment using different light patterns on the retina.
Industry:Science
A privately owned system that allows voice communication between a limited number of locations, usually within a relatively small area, such as a building, office, or residence. Intercommunicating systems are generally known as intercoms. Intercom systems can vary widely in complexity, features, and technology. Though limited in size and scope, intercom systems can provide easy and reliable communication for their users.
Industry:Science
A procedure for copying and thereby amplifying the sequence of a defined region of a DNA molecule. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) generates millions of new DNA molecules all with sequences identical to the region of the original DNA molecule. This procedure was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983 and rapidly became one of the most important tools used by molecular biologists. In addition to its use in scientific research, PCR has many wide-ranging applications, including clinical diagnosis, paternity testing, and forensic science.
Industry:Science
A procedure for determining the value for a factor which will adjust the measured time for an observed task performance to a task time that one would expect of a trained operator performing the task, utilizing the approved method and performing at normal pace under specified workplace conditions. Since the introduction of stopwatch time study more than a hundred years ago, there has been a need to adjust an observed operator time to a “normal time.” Normal time is the time that a trained worker requires to perform the specified task under defined workplace conditions, employing the assumed philosophy of “a fair day's work for a fair day's pay.”
Industry:Science
A procedure for the formulation and evaluation of systems using a network approach. Problem solving with the GERT (graphical evaluation and review technique) procedure utilizes the following steps:<ol style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" start="1."><li>Convert a qualitative description of a system or problem to a generalized network similar to the critical path method—PERT type of network.</li><li>Collect the data necessary to describe the functions ascribed to the branches of a network.</li><li>Combine the branch functions (the network components) into an equivalent function or functions which describe the network.</li><li>Convert the equivalent function or functions into performance measures for studying the system or solving the problem for which the network was created. These might include either the average or variance of the time or cost to complete the network.</li><li>Make inferences based on the performance measures developed in step 4.</li></ol>
Industry:Science
A procedure in which the basic problem is to pass a curve through a set of points, representing experimental data, in such a way that the curve shows as well as possible the relationship between the two quantities plotted. It is always possible to pass some smooth curve through all the points plotted, but since there is assumed to be some experimental error present, such a procedure would ordinarily not be desirable.
Industry:Science
A procedure in which the chemical or biological activity of a reagent or a living organism is inhibited, usually by a specific neutralizing antibody. As an example, the lethal or the dermonecrotic actions of diphtheria toxin on animals may be completely neutralized by an equivalent amount of diphtheria antitoxin—an antibody produced in animals or in humans after contact with diphtheria toxin or toxoid. Lesser amounts of antitoxin provide intermediate degrees of inhibition. These facts provide the basis for the Schick test for susceptibility to diphtheria. Tetanus and botulinus toxins may be similarly inhibited by their specific antitoxins. In contrast, the typical toxins of dysentery and other gram-negative bacteria are only slightly neutralized, even by large excesses of antibody. Antibodies to bacterial, snake-venom, and other enzyme preparations regularly precipitate them from solution so that the supernates are devoid of enzyme activity; however, the neutralization of activity in the precipitate may range from complete to negligible.
Industry:Science
A procedure involving a test or a series of tests to determine the compatibility of tissues from a prospective donor and a recipient prior to transplantation. The immunological response of a recipient to a transplant from a donor is directed against many cell-surface histocompatibility antigens controlled by genes at many different loci. However, one of these loci, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), has the greatest genetic complexity and controls antigens that evoke the strongest immunological response. The MHC is a cluster of closely linked gene loci and is conserved in all vertebrate species, including humans. The human MHC is known as the HLA system, which stands for the first (A) Human Leukocyte blood group system discovered. The HLA complex was first described as a gene locus on chromosome 6 that controls the allograft rejection response, which is the rejection of a graft from a donor by a genetically dissimilar recipient of the same species. It has since been found, however, that these genes are also physiologically important in the regulation of the immune response to highly foreign antigens such as bacterial or viral antigens, as well as to self-antigens.
Industry:Science
