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McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
A range of effects, including physical, mental, behavioral, and/or learning disabilities, that can occur in the offspring of women who consume alcoholic beverages during pregnancy. The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorder encompasses several conditions. Fetal alcohol syndrome is the most severe disorder, and is characterized by abnormal facial features and growth and central nervous system problems.
Industry:Science
A rapid and economical technique for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of specimens. It differs from x-ray diffraction, whose purpose is the identification of crystalline compounds. It differs from spectrometry in the visible region of the spectrum in that the x-ray photons have energies of thousands of electronvolts and come from tightly bound inner-shell electrons in the atoms, whereas visible photons come from the outer electrons and have energies of only a few electronvolts.
Industry:Science
A rapid but persistent chemical reaction accompanied by the emission of light and heat. The reaction is self-sustaining, unless extinguished, to the extent that it continues until the fuel concentration falls below a minimum value. Most commonly, it results from a rapid exothermic combination with oxygen by some combustible material. Flame and heat also may result from a reaction involving an agent other than oxygen. Thus, certain reactive metals such as zinc will burn in an atmosphere of chlorine.
Industry:Science
A rare animal whose fiber makes the world's most costly and most exquisite cloth, surpassing all others in fineness and beauty. It is found in an almost inaccessible area of the Andes Mountains, at altitudes between 16,000 and 19,000 ft (4876 and 5791 m). The vicuna, one of the wildest of animals, is less than 3 ft (0.9 m) high and weighs 75–100 lb (33.7–45 kg).
Industry:Science
A rare insectivorous mammal classified in the family Solenodontidae. Solenodons are among the largest living insectivores. There are only two extant species. The Hispaniolan, or Haitian, solenodon (<i>Solenodon paradoxus</i>) is restricted to the remote, wet, densely vegetated central highland regions on the island of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti). The coarse pelage (coat) varies from blackish to reddish brown. Most individuals possess a small, square, whitish area on the nape of the neck. Adults are 28–33 cm (11–13 in.) in body length, have a 17.5–26-cm-long (7–10.4-in.) tail, and weigh 600–1000 g (1.2–2.2 lb). The smaller Cuban solenodon, or almique (<i>S. cubanus</i>), has longer and finer fur which is blackish brown with white or buff. It is now restricted to Oriente Province in Cuba. Adults are 20–30 cm (10–12 in.) in body length, have a 26–30 cm-long (10.5–12 in.) tail, and weigh 600–700 g (1.3–1.5 lb). Two additional species are known only from skeletal remains in Haiti and Cuba.
Industry:Science
A rare mineral described in 1942 from volcanic rocks at Mafuru, in southwest Uganda. Kalsilite has since been synthesized. It is one of the three polymorphic forms of KAlSiO<sub>4</sub>; the others are kaliophilite and an orthorhombic phase formed artificially at about 930°F (500°C). The mineral as shown by x-ray photographs is hexagonal. The specific gravity is 2.59. In index of refraction and general appearance in thin section it resembles nepheline and is difficult to distinguish from it. Structurally the two minerals are similar but belong to different crystal classes. The rock in which kalsilite was found has a dark-colored, fine-grained matrix with large olivine crystals and greenish-yellow patches. These patches are intimate mixtures of diopside, calcite, and kalsilite.
Industry:Science
A rare mineral tectosilicate found in volcanic rocks high in potassium and low in silica. Kaliophilite is one of three polymorphic forms of KAlSiO<sub>4</sub>; the others are the rare mineral kalsilite and an orthorhombic phase formed artificially at about 930°F (500°C). It crystallizes in the hexagonal system in prismatic crystals with poor prismatic and basal cleavage. The hardness is 6 on Mohs scale, and the specific gravity is 2.61. At high temperatures a complete solid-solution series exists between KAlSiO<sub>4</sub> and NaAlSiO<sub>4</sub>, but at low temperatures the series is incomplete. The principal occurrence of kaliophilite is at Monte Somma, Italy.
Industry:Science
A rare mineral that incorporates the light rare-earth elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium) and also yttrium. Monazite has a general formula of (La,Ce,Nd)PO<sub>4</sub>, but Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Y substitute for La, Ce, and Nd in solid solution in minor amounts. The dominant rare-earth element in a particular monazite is denoted by the atomic suffix, such as monazite-(Ce) in which cerium exists in amounts greater than other rare-earth atoms. Monazite-(Ce), monazite-(La), and monazite-(Nd) are officially recognized by the International Mineralogical Association.
Industry:Science
A rare nuclide produced by nuclear reactions between high-energy cosmic radiation and terrestrial or extraterrestrial material. Cosmogenic nuclides may be used to examine the history of exposure to cosmic rays, and have numerous applications in earth science and archeology.
Industry:Science
A rare pegmatitic mineral with composition LiAlSi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>. Its economic significance is markedly disproportionate to the number of its occurrences. It is the only basic raw material suitable for production of a group of materials known as crystallized glass ceramics (melt-formed ceramics). These extremely fine-grained substances, formed by controlled nucleation and crystal growth, are based on a keatite-type structure (stuffed silica derivative). Among the desirable properties of such submicroscopic aggregates are their exceedingly low thermal expansion and high strength, making them suitable for use in cooking utensils and telescopic mirror blanks.
Industry:Science
