- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
A stress testing procedure for determining the electrostatic discharge (ESD) susceptibility level of electrical and electronic devices and systems.
Industry:Science
A strip of ectodermal material in the early vertebrate embryo inserted between the prospective neural plate and epidermis. After closure of the neural tube the crest cells migrate into the body and give rise to parts of the neural system: the main part of the visceral cranium, the mesenchyme, the chromaffin cells, and pigment cells. The true nature of the neural crest eluded recognition for many years because this primary organ has a temporary existence; its cells and derivatives are difficult to analyze when dispersed throughout the body. The fact that mesenchyme arises from this ectodermal organ was directly contrary to the doctrine of the specificity of the germ layers.
Industry:Science
A strong mineral acid having the formula HNO<sub>3</sub>. Pure nitric acid is a colorless liquid with a density of 1.52 at 25°C (77°F); it freezes at −47°C (−53°F). Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate and phosphate fertilizers, nitro explosives, plastics, dyes, and lacquers. The principal commercial process for the manufacture of nitric acid is the Ostwald process, in which ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>, is catalytically oxidized with air to form nitrogen dioxide, NO<sub>2</sub>. When the dioxide is dissolved in water, 60% nitric acid is formed. Production of 90–100% nitric acid is based on processes such as the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium nitrate (an older method of nitric acid manufacture), dehydration of 60% acid, and oxidation of nitrogen dioxide in a solution of dilute nitric acid.
Industry:Science
A strong wind with sudden onset and more gradual decline, lasting for several minutes. Wind speeds in squalls commonly reach 30–60 mi/h (13–27 m/s), with a succession of brief gusts of 80–100 mi/h (36–45 m/s) in the more violent squalls. Squalls may be local in nature, as with isolated thunderstorms, or may occur over a wide area in the vicinity of a well-developed cyclone, where the squalls locally reinforce already strong winds. Because of their sudden violent onset, and the heavy rain, snow, or hail showers which often accompany them, squalls cause heavy damage to structures and crops and present severe hazards to transportation.
Industry:Science
A strong, flexible connective tissue band usually found between two bony prominences. Most ligaments are composed of dense fibrous tissue formed by parallel bundles of collagen fibers. They have a shining white appearance and are pliable, strong, and noncompliant. These ligaments are closely associated with all articulations and are largely responsible for the exact movement of the bones. Other ligaments may span larger gaps between bones and may serve as important controlling elements in complex bone-linkage systems.
Industry:Science
A strong, turbulent wind bearing large clouds of dust. The suspended dust consists predominantly of mineral particles with diameters less than 100 micrometers. Sand storms differ from dust storms in that the particles are much larger and have high settling speeds. When the wind and turbulence weaken, the larger particles settle out rapidly, leaving behind a cloud of dust with diameters mainly under 20 μm. Wind systems can carry these clouds many thousands of miles, in some cases across oceans.
Industry:Science
A strong-scented annual herb. Coriander is cultivated in many places throughout the world for both seeds and leaves. The two forms are quite different in taste from one another, and both are used for flavor in a variety of foods. Only one species, <i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, is cultivated. Coriander is a member of the carrot family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), and is closely related to other spice seed plants such as cumin, caraway, anise, dill, and fennel. A number of distinct cultivars have been developed. Some, with longer maturity times and resulting higher leaf yield, are grown for cilantro, also called Chinese parsley. Other seed-producing types, having a more uniform seed set, and types that resist splitting have been developed in Russia and India.
Industry:Science
A structural member of reinforced concrete placed horizontally to carry loads over openings.
Industry:Science
A structural member that carries its load in compression along its length. Most frequently, as in a building, the column is in a vertical position transmitting gravity loads from its top down to its base. Columns are present in other structures as well, such as in bridges, towers, cranes, airplanes, machinery, and furniture. Other terms used by both engineers and lay persons to identify a column are pillar, post, and strut. Columns of timber, stone, and masonry have been constructed since the dawn of civilization; modern materials also include steel, aluminum, concrete, plastic, and composite material.
Industry:Science
A structural member that is fabricated from metal, reinforced or prestressed concrete, wood, fiber- reinforced plastic, or other construction materials and that resists loads perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Its length is usually much larger than its depth or width. Usually beams are of symmetric cross section; they are designed to bend in this plane of symmetry, which is also the plane of their greatest strength and stiffness. This plane coincides with the plane of the applied loads. Beams are used as primary load-carrying members in bridges and buildings.
Industry:Science
