- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
A unifying mathematical concept that describes the relation between the history of internal states of a system and the system's resulting orientation in space. Under various aspects, this concept occurs in geometry, astronomy, classical mechanics, and quantum theory. In geometry it is known as holonomy. In quantum theory it is known as Berry's phase, after M. Berry, who isolated the concept (which was already known in special cases) and explained its wide-ranging significance.
Industry:Science
A unique linked-cell manufacturing system. Initiated in the 1960s by the Toyota Motor Company, it is also known as the Toyota Production System (TPS), the Just-in-Time/Total Quality Control (JIT/TQC) system, or World Class Manufacturing (WCM) system. In 1990, it was given a name that would become universal, “lean production.”
This term was coined by John Krafcik, an engineer working in the International Motor Vehicle program at MIT with J. P. Womack, D. Roos, and D. T. Jones, who observed that this new system used less of the key resources needed to make goods. What is different about the system is its use of manufacturing cells linked together with a functionally integrated system for inventory and production control. The result is low cost (high efficiency), superior quality, and on-time delivery of unique products from a flexible system.
Industry:Science
A unique superorder of malacostracan Crustacea, noted particularly for the total lack of a carapace or carapace shield. Two orders are recognized, Anaspidacea and Bathynellacea. The Stygocarididae, at one time considered a distinct order, are now assigned familial rank within the Anaspidacea.
Industry:Science
A unique true distribution of rock properties exists in each petroleum reservoir as a result of a complex sequence of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Although some of these depositional and diagenetic processes are well understood, it is impossible to define the initial and boundary conditions in sufficient detail to provide a deterministic picture of the reservoir. There is unavoidable uncertainty in the distribution of rock properties. Geostatistical techniques are increasingly used to quantify this uncertainty and to create numerical models that mimic the physically significant features of rock property variation.
Industry:Science
A unit (symbolized mol) used to measure the amount of material in a chemical sample. Gram-molecular weight is an older name for the mole and is seldom used. The mole is defined by international agreement as the amount of substance (chemical amount) of a chemical system that contains as many molecules or entities as there are atoms in 12 g of carbon-12 (<sup>12</sup>C). When the mole is used, the elementary entities need not be molecules, but they must always be specified. They may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, or specified groups of such particles.
Industry:Science
A unit of magnetic moment used to describe atomic, molecular, or nuclear magnets. More precisely, one unit, the Bohr magneton, is used at the atomic and molecular levels, and another unit, the nuclear magneton, is used at the nuclear level. Still another unit (which might be called the muon magneton, but is usually not named) is used to describe the magnetic moment of the muon.
Industry:Science
A unit of mass equal to exactly 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (<sup>12</sup>C), the predominant isotope of carbon. The unit, also known as the dalton, is often abbreviated amu, and is designated by the symbol u. The relative atomic mass of a chemical element is the average mass of its atoms expressed in atomic mass units.
Industry:Science
A unit of time equal to the period of rotation of Earth. Different sorts of day are distinguished, according to how the period of rotation is reckoned with respect to one or another direction in space. A day is normally defined as 86,400 SI (Système International) seconds (86,400 s/d = (60 s/min) × (60 min/h) × (24 h/d)), where SI seconds are measured by atomic processes.
Industry:Science
A unit used in estimating energy requirements for building heating and, to a lesser extent, for building cooling. It is applied to all fuels, district heating, and electric heating. Origin of the degree-day was based on studies of residential gas heating systems. These studies indicated that there existed a straight-line relation between gas used and the extent to which the daily mean outside temperature fell below 65°F (18°C).
Industry:Science
A unit used to measure the strength of electrical waves produced by microphones. In sound recording, broadcasting, and public address systems, microphones convert acoustical signals into electrical waves that are nonperiodic and cannot be simply described in terms of voltage, current, power, or frequency. To provide a practical means of assigning a numerical value to the strength of such waves, the concept of “volume” is used. The volume of an audio program wave is the magnitude of the wave as measured with a standard volume indicator. This is a meter calibrated to read in volume units (vu, pronounced vee-you).
Industry:Science
