- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
All aspects of cultivating fungi together with products and processes derived from such cultures. Fungi, including yeasts, are an extremely diverse group of heterotrophic organisms with an enormous impact, both beneficial and detrimental, on the environment, on animal and plant life, and on the global economy and human social development. Even though they are unable to synthesize their own food, they exhibit a wide range of biosynthetic and biodegradative activities. Since fungi can bring about chemical change in almost any natural or synthetic organic molecule, many species have been selected and propagated in pure culture specifically for applications in biotechnology and industry, for example in food and beverage production.
Industry:Science
All breeds of domestic dogs, the wild dogs, and related species belong to the family Canidae. Despite the various breeds of domestic dogs that are known, the scientific name for all is <i>Canis familiaris</i>. The origin of domestic dogs is obscure, but they seem to be most closely related to the wolf. The dog has been associated with humans since Neolithic times, at least 10,000 years ago, and there are indications that as early as 4000 years ago several varieties of dogs had been developed by humans. In many respects the dog is structurally primitive and shows a genetic plasticity which accounts for the many varieties. There are more than 100 breeds of domestic dogs, and their classification is based principally on their uses.
Industry:Science
All buildings used on the farm for housing livestock and the farm family and for storing grain, livestock feed, and farm machinery. In the United States, today's farms are larger, more specialized, and more mechanized than those of the past, and these changes are reflected in the buildings. For example, the two-story barns with haylofts are seldom built any more, in favor of one-story buildings without interior columns and with trussed roofs. The building frames are usually constructed of steel or wood and are covered with prepainted metal sheets. This type of construction is low in cost and has a useful life of about 25 years, which results in a nearly simultaneous wearout and obsolescence of the building. Some buildings have an open front facing the south or east. Others are completely enclosed and insulated so that a warm environment may be maintained to protect young animals or to maximize animal growth and production.
Industry:Science
All eukaryotic cells express a 76-amino-acid protein known as ubiquitin. This protein has the unique ability to be covalently attached onto other proteins in an enzymatic process known as ubiquitination (alternatively ubiquitylation). Ubiquitination is involved in the posttranslational regulation of a wide array of cellular processes, and different types of ubiquitin modifications exist that in turn can promote distinct protein fates. The most well understood role for ubiquitination is to target modified proteins for destruction by the large proteolytic enzyme complex known as the 26S proteasome. Ubiquitination is also involved in altering protein localization, promoting protein-protein interactions, regulating gene expression, and changing the activity of cellular enzymes.
Industry:Science
All living cells carry out many energy-requiring processes such as growth and division, movement, and uptake of nutrients from their environment. To achieve this, they utilize energy stored in the form of a high intracellular ratio of the adenine nucleotides, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). These compounds can be likened to the chemicals in an electrical cell or battery. The oxidation of food molecules such as glucose or fats (catabolism) (and/or photosynthesis in a photosynthetic organism) “charges up” the battery by converting ADP to ATP, whereas energy-requiring processes tend to “flatten” the battery by converting ATP back to ADP again. For living cells to function smoothly, it is essential that these two processes remain in balance. In eukaryotic cells, one of the principal systems carrying out this task is the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)–activated protein kinase, often referred to by its acronym AMPK.
Industry:Science
All living cells suspended in aqueous salt solutions at neutral pH values possess a negative charge. The charge is due to the dissociation of ionogenic, or charged, groups (carboxyl, amino, and others) in the cell surface. Studies of the charge carried by bacteria give information regarding the nature of the components in their surfaces; these studies have been used to measure the frequency distribution of bacterial variants in a mixed population and can assist in the selection of material for vaccine production. The occurrence and nature of tumor cells and the selection of yeasts for brewing have been studied electrophoretically.
Industry:Science
All machinery installed on waterborne craft, including engines, transmissions, shafting, propulsors, generators, motors, pumps, compressors, blowers, eductors, centrifuges, boilers and other heat exchangers, winches, cranes, steering gear, and associated piping, tanks, wiring, and controls, used for propulsion, for ship services, and for cargo, trade, or mission services.
Industry:Science
All materials possess magnetic properties. Substances that have a greater permeability than air are classified as paramagnetic; those with a lower permeability are called diamagnetic. Paramagnetic materials are attracted to a magnet; diamagnetic substances are repelled. Very strongly paramagnetic materials are classified as ferromagnetic and include such metals as iron, nickel, and cobalt, and such minerals as magnetite, pyrrhotite, and ilmenite. Such substances can be separated from weakly or nonmagnetic materials by the use of low-intensity magnetic separators. Minerals such as hematite, limonite, and garnet are weakly magnetic and can be separated from nonmagnetics by the use of high-intensity separators.
Industry:Science
All measures required to combat enemy submarines, including strategy, operational employment of forces, tactics, and a wide variety of equipment and weapons to find and destroy submarines and to neutralize their weapons.
Industry:Science
All metal–metal compounds, including ordered, disordered, binary, and multicomponent. The metal–metal aspect of the definition is often relaxed to include some metal–metalloid compounds such as silicides and tellurides and certain compound semiconductors such as InSb. Such inclusion is appropriate since the phenomenology of many of these compounds is similar to the metal-metal ones. Intermetallic compounds constitute an intriguing field for scientific inquiry and a rewarding source of materials for diverse applications.
Industry:Science
