- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
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McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
An experience of discomfort, primarily associated with tissue damage. Pain is more complex than other sensory systems such as vision or hearing because it not only involves the transfer of sensory information to the nervous system but produces suffering, which then leads to aversive corrective behavior. Unfortunately, sensations other than tissue damage or threatened tissue damage can lead to suffering and yet produce the language and behavioral responses as though tissue damage has occurred.
Industry:Science
An experimental technique for the measurement of stresses and strains in material objects by means of the phenomenon of mechanical birefringence. Photoelasticity is especially useful for the study of objects with irregular boundaries and stress concentrations, such as pieces of machinery with notches or curves, structural components with slits or holes, and materials with cracks. The method provides a visual means of observing overall stress characteristics of an object by means of light patterns projected on a screen or photographic film. Regions of stress concentrations can be determined in general by simple observation. However, precise analysis of tension, compression, and shear stresses and strains at any point in an object requires more involved techniques. Photoelasticity is generally used to study objects stressed in two planar directions (biaxial), but with refinements it can be used for objects stressed in three spatial directions (triaxial).
Industry:Science
An experimental technique that involves measuring the manner in which the likelihood of occurrence (or intensity or cross section) of a particular decay or collision process depends on the directions of two or more radiations associated with the process. Traditionally, these radiations are emissions from the decay or collision process. However, a variant on this technique in which the angular correlations are between an incident and emitted beam of radiation has been widely used; this variant is known as angular distributions.
Industry:Science
An exponent of a suitably chosen positive number (base) larger than unity. Logarithms are of value in mathematical computation and in the equations and formulas used in expressing natural phenomena.
Industry:Science
An extant order of brachiopods that has been an important component of marine benthic communities since the Ordovician. As one of only two Paleozoic orders in the subphylum Rhynchonelliformea that survives to the present, the rhynchonellids exemplify the fate of the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna. Despite their stratigraphic longevity, rhynchonellids have been a remarkably conservative group morphologically.
Industry:Science
An extension of newtonian mechanics conforming to the principles of special relativity. Suitably generalized, its results are also incorporated in the general theory. The energy-momentum conservation laws of relativistic mechanics enter in the development of relativistic quantum mechanics, and they find important application in high-energy physics.
Industry:Science
An extension of the calculus of variations for dynamic systems with one independent variable, usually time, in which control (input) variables are determined to maximize (or minimize) some measure of the performance (output) of a system while satisfying specified constraints. The theory may be divided into two parts: optimal programming, where the control variables are determined as functions of time for a specified initial state of the system, and optimal feedback control, where the control variables are determined as functions of the current state of the system.
Industry:Science
An extensive visual investigation by the artist David Hockney, supported by optical evidence detailed in subsequent technical papers, shows that important artists began using optical devices as aids for creating their work early in the Renaissance, approximately 175 years before the time of Galileo. These discoveries show there has been a continuous use of optics for artistic purposes continuing until today, that started about 1425 with Jan van Eyck and Robert Campin in Flanders, followed by such well-known artists as Bartholomé Bermejo in Spain about 1474, Hans Holbein in England about 1530, and Caravaggio in Italy about 1600. Before the optical evidence in representative Renaissance paintings is described, the state of optical knowledge at the time will be discussed to establish the context for these discoveries.
Industry:Science
An extensive, low-relief area that is bounded by the sea on one side and by some type of relatively high-relief province on the landward side. The geologic province of the coastal plain actually extends beyond the shoreline across the continental shelf. It is only during times of glacial melting and high sea level that much of the coastal plain is drowned.
Industry:Science
An extinct amphibian order of small, mostly aquatic tetrapods found in Carboniferous and Permian rocks in North America, Europe, and North Africa. Nectrideans are usually grouped together with microsaurs and aistopods as lepospondyls; all three have a characteristic one-piece vertebral centrum.
Industry:Science
