- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
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- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
An interdisciplinary field focused on the interactions between human users and computer systems, including the user interface and the underlying processes which produce the interactions. The contributing disciplines include computer science, cognitive science, human factors, software engineering, management science, psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Early research and development in human-computer interaction focused on issues directly related to the user interface. Some typical issues were the properties of various input and output devices, interface learnability for new users versus efficiency and extensibility for experienced users, and the appropriate combination of interaction components such as command languages, menus, and graphical user interfaces (GUI). Since the late 1990s, the field of human-computer interaction has broadened and become more attentive to the processes and context in which the users' experience with human-computer interactions takes place. The focus of research and development is now on understanding the relationships among users' goals and objectives, their personal capabilities, the social environment, and the designed artifacts with which they interact. As an applied field, human-computer interaction is also concerned with the development process used to create the interactive system and its value for the human user.
Industry:Science
An interdisciplinary field in which the principles, laws, and techniques of engineering, physics, chemistry, and other physical sciences are applied to facilitate progress in medicine, biology, and other life sciences. Biomedical engineering encompasses both engineering science and applied engineering in order to define and solve problems in medical research and clinical medicine for the improvement of health care. Biomedical engineers must have training in anatomy, physiology, and medicine, as well as in engineering.
Industry:Science
An interdisciplinary field that focuses on preventing occupational illnesses and injuries. The disciplines of engineering, epidemiology, toxicology, medicine, psychology, and sociology provide the methods for study and prevention. In the United States, prevention efforts have resulted in a reduction of accidental work deaths per year; nevertheless, the accident toll remains high.
Industry:Science
An interdisciplinary field that, in general, encompasses the application of chemical techniques to the solution of problems in nuclear physics. The discovery of the naturally occurring radioactive elements and of nuclear fission are classical examples of the work of nuclear chemists.
Industry:Science
An interdisciplinary science dealing with the adverse effects of drugs and chemicals on various biological systems in a medical-legal context. The forensic toxicologist may work with a medical examiner or coroner in order to determine the role that a particular chemical compound may have played in a death. The forensic toxicologist's activities may also involve assessing emergency room patients, helping to determine suitability of an individual for employment or promotion, screening for performance-altering drugs in athletes, and working with law enforcement agencies, for example, performing tests to determine if a driver operated a motor vehicle under the influence of drugs. The forensic toxicologist is involved not only in the analysis of body fluids and tissue for drugs and poisons but also in the interpretation of the resulting information in a judicial context.
Industry:Science
An interferometer is an instrument that is sensitive to the interference of two or more waves (optical or acoustic). For example, an optical interferometer uses two interfering light beams to measure small length changes.
Industry:Science
An intermediate state in the evolution of a star in which it swells to enormous proportions before its death. During the longest and most stable phase of a star's life, the star, like the Sun, derives its energy from the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium deep in its dense, hot (10<sup>7</sup> K and up) core. It is then said to be on the main sequence. When the hydrogen fuel is gone and the central energy source is thereby exhausted, the core contracts and heats under the action of gravity, fresh hydrogen is ignited in a shell that surrounds the spent core, and the star becomes much more luminous, larger, and cooler at its surface. The lower surface temperature produces a redder color, hence the common term red giant. Stars like the Sun brighten by a factor of 1000 and grow in radius by a factor of 100 to about half the size of Earth's orbit (4.7 × 10<sup>7</sup> mi or 7.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> km).
Industry:Science
An internal combustion engine cycle in which the heat of compression ignites the fuel. Compression-ignition engines, or diesel engines, are thermody-namically similar to spark-ignition engines. The sequence of processes for both types is intake, compression, addition of heat, expansion, and exhaust. Ignition and power control in the compression-ignition engine are, however, very different from those in the spark-ignition engine.
Industry:Science
An internationally standardized navigation system which allows an aircraft to measure its distance from a selected ground-based beacon. Such beacons are used throughout the world by all airliners, most of the military aircraft of the West, and a large number of general-aviation aircraft. The range of service is line of sight up to 300 mi (480 km), and system accuracy is usually 0.1 mi (0.16 km), but precision equipment, intended for use during landing, has accuracy of 20 ft (7 m).
Industry:Science
An interval of time in Earth history (Cambrian Period) and its rock record (Cambrian System). The Cambrian Period spanned about 60 million years and began with the first appearance of marine animals with mineralized (calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate) shells. The Cambrian System includes many different kinds of marine sandstones, shales, limestones, dolomites, and volcanics. Apart from the occurrence of an alkaline playa containing deposits of trona (hydrated basic sodium carbonate) in the Officer Basin of South Australia, there is very little provable record of nonmarine Cambrian environments.
Industry:Science
