- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
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- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
Coatings are applied to metal parts used in many applications, and serve functions such as decoration, insulation, corrosion protection, and lubrication. Various techniques are used to apply such coatings, including spray coating, powder coating, dip coating, electrodeposition, and autodeposition. Coating an object with a complex topography is a challenging task, especially around the edges and inside the cavities. Traditional coating processes often involve environmentally hazardous or toxic substances, such as chromates and phosphates. New coating methods need to be developed to overcome these technological and environmental challenges.
Industry:Science
Forensic nursing is the application of forensic science combined with the bio-psychological education and experience of the registered nurse to the medical-legal investigation of injury or death of victims of violence, criminal activity, and traumatic accidents. The forensic nurse functions as a staff nurse, nurse scientist, nurse investigator, or independent consulting nurse specialist to public or private operatives or individuals. There are several subspecialties within forensic nursing, including sexual assault nurse examiners, nurse death investigators, forensic psychiatric nurses, legal nurse consultants, and clinical forensic nurses.
Industry:Science
Hyperbolic geometry is the non-Euclidean geometry discovered by János Bolyai, N. I. Lobachevsky, and K. F. Gauss about 200 years ago. Work of George Daniel Mostow, William Thurston, and Gregory Perelman shows that hyperbolic 3-manifolds are the most important class of three-dimensional (3-D) manifolds. Therefore, it is of great importance to come to a deep understanding of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. The first part of this article begins with basic ideas, but ultimately focuses on the most natural tool for analyzing a hyperbolic 3-manifold: its volume. The second part of the article investigates the geometric rigidity of hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
Industry:Science
In aerobic cells from animal and certain other species, the major pathway for the complete oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A (the thioester of acetic acid with coenzyme A); also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Reduced electron carriers generated in the cycle are reoxidized by oxygen via the electron transport system; water is formed, and the energy liberated is conserved by the phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Reactions of the cycle also function in metabolic processes other than energy generation. The role of the cycle in mammalian tissues will be emphasized in this article.
Industry:Science
Atoms in a molecule are held together by covalent chemical bonds that rely on the interaction of the outermost, or valence, electrons of each atom. Even though one refers to electrons, one should think rather of the electron density distribution, otherwise known as the electronic orbitals. The overlapping of atomic electronic orbitals determines the chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability of a covalent bond. The mechanical stability of a molecule represents a very fundamental question in chemistry. Thanks to recent advances in nanomanipulation techniques, it is now possible to address the mechanical strength of an individual covalent bond.
Industry:Science
Animals possess a remarkable ability to navigate underwater, on land, and in the air. The distances navigated range from the immediate vicinity of their homes to migration over thousands of kilometers. Animal navigational abilities have been known for centuries, and, in the case of the carrier pigeon, exploited by humans to send messages over long distances. It was not until the late 1800s that scientists began to attempt to understand how animals navigate. Today, the subject of animal navigation continues to draw considerable interest from the scientific community, because the underlying mechanisms involved are still not completely understood.
Industry:Science
Any of the petroleum products which are less volatile than gasoline and are burned in furnaces, boilers, or other types of heaters. The two primary classes of fuel oils are distillate and residual. Distillate fuel oils are composed entirely of material which has been vaporized in a refinery distillation tower. Consequently, they are clean, free of sediment, relatively low in viscosity, and free of inorganic ash. Residual fuel oils contain fractions which cannot be vaporized by heating. These fractions are black and viscous and include any inorganic ash components which are in the crude. In some cases, whole crude is used as a residual fuel.
Industry:Science
Five mass extinctions, known as the “Big 5,” have caused abrupt, drastic decreases in animal biodiversity over the last 540 million years. Each resulted from global-scale environmental perturbations and resulted in the extinction of a significant proportion of the world's biota in a geologically negligible period of time. Numerous studies have focused on the taxonomic changes and patterns that are the hallmark of these mass extinctions. However, mounting research indicates that the most significant results of mass extinctions actually may have been new ecological patterns that arose during their aftermath, rather than the extinctions themselves.
Industry:Science
Forensic science is the identification, collection, preservation, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence that is relevant to a criminal act or process of interest. Forensic science and its component disciplines often provide crucial information on aspects of a crime beyond what can be derived by traditional means of investigation and intelligence gathering. For example, the advent of DNA technology enabled the forensic community to analyze biological material found at crime scenes to precisely determine the source. The threat of attack by a biological weapon will likely make microbial forensics the next major focus in forensic biology.
Industry:Science
Any of a great number of alloys that contain the element iron as the major component and small amounts of carbon as the major alloying element. These alloys are more properly referred to as carbon steels. Small amounts, generally on the order of a few percent, of other elements such as manganese, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel may also be present in carbon steels. However, when large amounts of alloying elements are added to iron to achieve special properties, other designations are used to describe the alloys. For example, large amounts of chromium, over 12%, are added to produce the important groups of alloys known as stainless steels.
Industry:Science
