- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
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- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
Mechanical stress induced in a body when some or all of its parts are not free to expand or contract in response to changes in temperature. In most continuous bodies, thermal expansion or contraction cannot occur freely in all directions because of geometry, external constraints, or the existence of temperature gradients, and so stresses are produced. Such stresses caused by a temperature change are known as thermal stresses.
Industry:Science
Member of the family Giraffidae represented by a single species, <i>Giraffa camelopardalis</i>. The only other living species in this family is the okapi (<i>Okapia johnstoni</i>); many fossil species are known. The giraffe occurs in the savanna regions of tropical Africa and the okapi ranges through the forested areas of the Congo. Both species are ruminants and belong to the mammalian order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates).
Industry:Science
Precipitation composed of lumps of ice formed in strong updrafts in cumulonimbus clouds. Individual lumps are called hailstones. Most hailstones are spherical or oblong, some are conical, and some are bumpy and irregular. By definition, hail must have a diameter of at least 0.2 in. (5 mm), and has been known to reach over 6 in. (150 mm). Thus, the largest stones are grapefruit or softball size, and the smallest are pea size.
Industry:Science
Local or generalized conditions that affect the joints and related tissues. About one person in 16 who is over 15 years old has some form of joint disturbance. The most common conditions are forms of arthritis, which cause the inflammation or degeneration of joint structures. These may follow specific infections, injury, generalized disease states, or degenerative changes which largely parallel the aging processes in the body.
Industry:Science
Search procedures based on the mechanics of natural selection and genetics. Such procedures are known also as evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, genetic programming, and evolutionary computation. Originating in the cybernetics movement of the 1940s and the 1950s, genetic algorithms are increasingly solving difficult search, optimization, and machine-learning problems that have previously resisted automated solution.
Industry:Science
Measurement of the ratio or percentage of water present in a gas, a liquid, or a solid (granular or powdered) material. Nearly all materials contain free water, the relative amount being dependent upon the physical and chemical properties of the material. The primary purpose of determining and maintaining moisture contents within specified limits can usually be traced to economic factors, trade practices, or legal requirements.
Industry:Science
Nuclei that consist of protons, neutrons, and one or more strange particles such as lambda particles. The lambda particle is the lightest strange baryon (hyperon); its lifetime is 2.6 × 10<sup>-10</sup> s. Because strangeness is conserved in strong interactions, the lifetime of the lambda particle remains essentially unchanged in the nucleus also. Lambda hypernuclei live long enough to permit detailed study of their properties.
Industry:Science
Radar capable of estimating target position based on the return from a single pulse. In many radars, precise angular position is estimated by conically scanning a single beam around the initial coarse angle estimate; the orderly amplitude variation of echoes during such scanning provides the refinement. Such measurement is limited, however, by pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in echo strength, a property quite common in radar targets.
Industry:Science
One of several species of mammals included in the tribe Rupicaprini of the family Bovidae. The group is heterogeneous in form, but all are intermediate in characteristics between the goats and antelopes. The chamois is the only European species of the group and is indigenous to the mountainous areas, especially the Alps. About nine races are recognized, based on their geographical range. The chamois is, however, becoming rare.
Industry:Science
Magnetic thin films are composed of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic materials. The term “thin” is relative, but magnetic thin films generally have altered magnetic ordering or unique physical properties that distinguish them from their bulk counterparts as the result of the reduced thickness and the presence of interfaces. The thickness of magnetic thin films typically ranges from just one atomic layer to a few tens of nanometers.
Industry:Science
