- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
Predation is a central ecological and evolutionary force. Predation shapes communities of organisms and ecosystems, impacts upon the behavior of both prey and predator, and influences evolutionary trajectories. Most of our knowledge about predatory interactions results from animal studies. If prokaryotes emerged before the eukaryotic lineages, around 3.8 billion years ago, then the first predators may have been prokaryotic organisms preying upon other prokaryotes. Here, for the sake of simplicity, all prokaryotes will be referred to as “bacteria.”
Industry:Science
Modern numerical methods enable the calculation of extremely complex magnetic fields. However, there are still many limitations on the exact determination of magnetic field distributions, especially in cases where all the parameters of magnetic materials (such as hysteresis, eddy currents, losses, material heterogeneity, and domain or crystal structure) must be considered. Moreover, computations of three-dimensional magnetic fields are very time consuming. In these cases, experimental determination of the magnetic field distribution is very useful.
Industry:Science
In the past 20 years, newly produced automobiles have been equipped with occupant restraint systems, such as air bags, to reduce passenger injuries and fatalities in the event of a crash. An air bag is a passive restraint system—an automatic safety system that requires no action by the occupant. Government regulations, industrial participation, and social consciousness of safety have popularized the use of occupant restraints in vehicles worldwide. Using advanced technologies, additional restraints and enhanced functionalities are being implemented.
Industry:Science
Processes that use light to generate copies directly from original paper documents. Light is employed to examine an original document and to detect the presence or absence of an image. This examination provides the intelligence required to make each copy. In most cases, light reflected from the original subject directly exposes the medium used to produce an image on a copy. However, in an increasing number of cases, the intelligence-bearing light is converted into an electrical signal, which is later converted back to light to expose the copying medium.
Industry:Science
Radar equipment carried by commercial and military aircraft. These aircraft use airborne radar systems to assist in weather assessment and navigation. Military systems also provide other specialized capabilities such as targeting of hostile aircraft for air-to-air combat, detection and tracking of moving ground targets, targeting of ground targets for bombing missions, and very accurate terrain measurements for assisting in low-altitude flights. Airborne radars are also used to map and monitor the Earth's surface for environmental and topological study.
Industry:Science
In geological time, the last period of the Mesozoic Era, preceded by the Jurassic Period and followed by the Tertiary Period. The rocks formed during Cretaceous time constitute the Cretaceous System. Omalius d'Halloys first recognized the widespread chalks of Europe as a stratigraphic unit. W. O. Conybeare and W. Phillips (1822) formally established the period, noting that whereas chalks were remarkably widespread deposits at this time, the Cretaceous System includes rocks of all sorts and its ultimate basis for recognition must lie in its fossil remains.
Industry:Science
Mycotoxins are poisonous chemical substances produced by molds during their growth on foods, feeds, and various agricultural commodities such as cereal grains, oilseeds, and nuts. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that at least 25%, and in some areas as much as 50%, of food crops are affected by mycotoxins, with at least 5–10% of the world food supply lost annually to fungi and mycotoxins. In the United States the estimated costs of fungal and mycotoxin contamination of food and feed are between $418 million and $1.66 billion annually.
Industry:Science
Products, such as veneer, plywood, laminate of products, particleboard, waferboard, pulp and paper, hardboard, and fiberboard, made from the stems and branches of coniferous (softwood) and deciduous (hardwood) tree species. The living portion of the tree is the region closest to the bark and is commonly referred to as sapwood; the dead portion of the tree is called heartwood. In many species, especially hardwoods, the heartwood changes color because of chemical changes in it. The heartwood of walnut, for example, is dark brown and the sapwood, almost white.
Industry:Science
Paleobotany, the study of the plant fossil record, documents past vegetation changes and diversity, including evidence of extinct forms. Recent advances in paleobotany reveal much about the phases of diversification of embryophytes (plants that produce embryos), and demonstrate that living embryophytes represent a very small proportion of their former diversity. Through integrative consideration of living and fossil forms, an accurate picture of embryophyte evolution and reliable reconstruction of their phylogeny (relationships by ancestry) are being sought.
Industry:Science
Radar, airborne or satellite-borne, that uses special signal processing to produce high-resolution images of the surface of the Earth (or another object) while traversing a considerable flight path. The technique is somewhat like using an antenna as wide as the flight path traversed, that being the large “synthetic aperture,” which would form a very narrow beam. Synthetic aperture radar is extremely valuable in both military and civil remote-sensing applications, providing surface mapping regardless of darkness or weather conditions that hamper other methods.
Industry:Science
