- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
Reducing or changing the cross-sectional area of a workpiece by the compressive forces exerted by rotating rolls. The original material fed into the rolls is usually an ingot from a foundry. The largest product in hot rolling is called a bloom; by successive hot- and cold-rolling operations the bloom is reduced to a billet, slab, plate, sheet, strip, and foil, in decreasing order of thickness and size. The initial breakdown of the ingot by rolling changes the coarse-grained, brittle, and porous structure into a wrought structure with greater ductility and finer grain size.
Industry:Science
In recent decades the scope of observational astronomy has extended over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and now ranges from radio waves to high-energy photons with teraelectronvolt (1 TeV = 10<sup>12</sup> eV) energies. The different bands reveal different aspects of the universe. In the x-ray domain, at photon energies between 0.1 and 500 keV, thermal radiation from high-temperature plasmas or nonthermal radiation produced by relativistic electrons interacting with magnetic fields (synchrotron radiation) or intense photon fields (the inverse Compton effect) is observed.
Industry:Science
Modern-day technology relies on devices that use new materials and novel structures. Their implementation requires thorough characterization and deep understanding of the underlying physical processes, which involve complex interactions between electrons, magnetic moments, and vibrational degrees of freedom. Very often these processes occur at staggering rates that are beyond the reach of traditional electronic instruments, and approach optical frequencies. Optical spectroscopy, and in particular time-resolved laser spectroscopy, is often the only feasible method to probe them.
Industry:Science
Regulation of gene expression via mechanisms that include suppression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Development requires the precise orchestration of complex patterns of gene expression that ultimately determine cell identity. Unique gene expression profiles are achieved through the integration of regulatory inputs from extrinsic and intrinsic factors that selectively activate or repress target genes. In multicellular organisms, gene silencing plays a major role in the regulation of gene expression, occurring at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
Industry:Science
Seismology, the study of ground tremors in the Earth's crust, has been used extensively to monitor earthquakes and other natural phenomena. For the last 20 years, seismology has been used in the mining industry to monitor disturbances in rock caused by underground excavations. In mining, the scale of the recorded seismic activity is several orders of magnitude smaller than in earthquake seismology. Seismic information is used to understand how the rock mass responds to mining activity, in order to predict or characterize the risk potential for larger, more damaging seismic events.
Industry:Science
Methods for the quantitative study of the relations between physical stimulus magnitudes and the corresponding magnitudes of sensation, for example, between the physical intensity of a light and its perceived brightness or the concentration of a sugar solution and its observed sweetness. To establish these relations measurement scales are needed, not only for physical magnitudes but also for subjective magnitudes. Subjective scales are, of course, not obtained directly from observation. They are theoretical models which summarize observed relations between stimuli and responses.
Industry:Science
Large retailers now insist on packaging made from sustainable sources with less waste and lower cost. Their first contacts for more sustainable packaging were the package printers, who, in turn, contacted substrate and ink manufacturers, pushing the need to suppliers further up the chain. One piece of this large puzzle, and perhaps the most visible piece, is the wide range of printing inks used for packaging. As this change propagates through the entire product manufacturing chain, there is increasing interest in sustainable inks for all types of printing, and not just in packaging.
Industry:Science
Plastics whose molecules contain sulfone groups (–SO<sub>2</sub>–) in the main chain, as well as a variety of additional constituents such as ether or isopropylidene groups. Polysulfones based on aromatic backbones constitute a useful class of engineering plastics, owing to their high strength, stiffness, and toughness together with high thermal and oxidative stability, low creep, transparency, and the ability to be processed by standard techniques for thermoplastics. Aliphatic polysulfones are less stable to thermal degradation or hydrolysis, so they are not of commercial interest.
Industry:Science
Mathematics is frequently encountered in association and interaction with astronomy, physics, and other branches of natural science, and it also has deep-rooted affinities to the humanities. Actually, it is a realm of knowledge entirely unto itself, and one of considerable scope; the word mathematics stems from a root which means learnable knowledge. Mathematical knowledge is commonly deemed to have a high degree of validity, irrespective of culture conditioning and predilection, although it can be argued that, in the past, cultural settings have affected its development noticeably.
Industry:Science
Sound waves in the atmosphere at frequencies below the hearing threshold of humans are termed infrasound. These subaudible waves are generated by a wide variety of natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions, and some human-made sources, such as large chemical or nuclear explosions. Infrasound has become an important component of the global effort to monitor nuclear testing activity. A global network of 60 infrasound arrays is currently being constructed for this purpose. Infrasound is a particularly valuable remote-sensing tool since it decays slowly across thousands of kilometers.
Industry:Science
