- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
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- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
Inflammatory bowel disease is a general term for two closely related conditions, ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis or Crohn's disease. The diseases can affect the colon, distal, small intestine, and sometimes other portions of the gastrointestinal tract as well as several sites outside the gastrointestinal tract. In 15–25% of cases limited to the colon, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease cannot be distinguished by clinical manifestations, x-ray examination, or even pathology. For this reason the broad term inflammatory bowel diseases is useful. The cause of these diseases is unknown.
Industry:Science
Scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge applied in courts of justice. Courts are finding that some areas of knowledge that have been considered forensic sciences for decades are not based completely on scientific knowledge under contemporary legal and academic standards, but rather are based on technical or other specialized knowledge that must be evaluated under standards not clearly defined. Indeed, some of the most interesting issues facing forensic evidence arise in cases where the defining characteristics of “scientific,”“technical,” and “other” specialized knowledge are at issue.
Industry:Science
In quantum mechanics, a stationary state of higher energy than the lowest stationary state or ground state of a particle or a system of particles. Customarily, only bound stationary states, which generally are at most denumerably infinite in number, are spoken of as excited, although the formal quantum theory often treats the noncountable unbound stationary states on an equal footing with the bound states. Conventionally, the excited states are ranked in order of increasing energy; that is, the second excited state has higher energy than the first, which lies higher than the zeroth or ground state.
Industry:Science
Solid solutions of molybdenum and other metals. Molybdenum is classified as a refractory metal by virtue of its high melting point (2623°C or 4750°F), and many of its applications result from its strength at high temperatures. A number of other physical and mechanical properties make it attractive for use in a wide variety of applications. Molybdenum is used extensively as electrodes in electric-boost furnaces because it erodes very slowly and does not contaminate the glass bath. Its high-temperature strength allows it to support significant structural loads imposed during operation of the furnaces.
Industry:Science
Over 60% of the Earth's surface is made of oceanic crust that formed by the spreading of the tectonic plates at mid-ocean ridges (MORs). Slow- and ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridges (spreading rates of <55 mm/yr) make up about 55% of the global ridge system; that is, roughly 30% of the Earth's current surface area has been created at slow-spreading ridges. In the last 10 years, exploration of slow- and ultraslow-spreading ridges has shown they are different from the better-understood fast-spreading ridges. Recent research suggests that ultraslow-spreading ridges are a separate type of mid-ocean ridge.
Industry:Science
Micromachines, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS), are beginning to affect almost every area of science and technology. In areas as diverse as the chemical, automotive, aeronautical, cellular, and optical (light-wave) communications industries, silicon-based micromachines are becoming the solution of choice for many problems. Devices such as optical switches, variable attenuators, active equalizers, add/drop multiplexers, optical cross-connects, gain tilt equalizers, and data transmitters are finding application in advanced light-wave systems.
Industry:Science
Materials which display both magnetic order and spontaneous electric polarization. Research on these materials has enabled considerable advances to be made in understanding the interplay between magnetism and ferroelectricity. The existence of both linear and higher-order coupling terms has been confirmed, and their consequences studied. They have given rise, in particular, to a number of magnetically induced polar anomalies and have even provided an example of a ferromagnet whose magnetic moment per unit volume is totally induced by its coupling via linear terms to a spontaneous electric dipole moment.
Industry:Science
In telecommunications, multiplexing refers to a set of techniques that enable the sharing of the usable electromagnetic spectrum of a telecommunications channel (the channel passband) among multiple users for the transfer of individual information streams. It is assumed that the user information streams join at a common access point to the channel. The term “multiple access” is usually applied to multiplexing schemes by which multiple users who are geographically dispersed gain access to the shared telecommunications facility or channel. Various methods of multiplexing and multiple access are in common use.
Industry:Science
In the broadest sense, the state in which a living plant organ (seed, bud, tuber, bulb) fails to exhibit growth, even when environmental conditions are considered favorable. In a stricter context, dormancy pertains to a condition where the inhibition of growth is internally controlled by factors restricting water and nutrient absorption, gas exchange, cell division, and other metabolic processes necessary for growth. By utilizing the latter definition, dormancy can be distinguished from other terms such as rest and quiescence which reflect states of inhibited development due to an unfavorable environment.
Industry:Science
In the petroleum industry, a field is an area underlain without substantial interruption by one or more reservoirs of commercially valuable oil or gas, or both. A single reservoir (or group of reservoirs which cannot be separately produced) is a pool. Several pools separated from one another by barren, impermeable rock may be superimposed one above another within the same field. Pools have variable areal extent. Any sufficiently deep well located within the field should produce from one or more pools. However, each well cannot produce from every pool, because different pools have different areal limits.
Industry:Science
