- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
One of the chemical senses, specifically the sense of smell. Olfaction registers chemical information in organisms ranging from insects to humans, including marine organisms. For terrestrial animals, its stimuli comprise airborne molecules. The typical stimulus is an organic chemical with molecular weight below 300 daltons; about a half million such substances exist. A few inorganic chemicals can also stimulate olfaction, notably hydrogen sulfide, ozone, ammonia, and the halogens. For marine organisms, amino acids and proteins, which derive largely from the decomposition of organic matter, form particularly good stimuli.
Industry:Science
Quarks are fundamental particles that respond to the strong force. The strong force is one of the four fundamental forces, and dominates in strength over the other three forces—electromagnetic, weak, and gravity—at very short distances (of the order of 10<sup>−15</sup> m, the size of an atomic nucleus). Quarks do not appear in isolation but are confined in clusters known as hadrons. The nucleus of the hydrogen atom, the proton, is the most familiar example of such a hadron. The proton requires three quarks to combine to account for its overall electric charge and other properties. The family of such triplets is known as baryons.
Industry:Science
Manufacturing processes by which parts or components are fabricated from metal stock. In the specific technical sense, metal forming involves changing the shape of a piece of metal. In general terms, however, it may be classified roughly into five categories: mechanical working, such as forging, extrusion, rolling, drawing, and various sheet-forming processes; casting; powder and fiber metal forming; electroforming; and joining processes. The selection of a process, or combination of processes, requires a knowledge of all possible methods of producing the part if a serviceable part is to be produced at the lowest overall cost.
Industry:Science
In recent years, voltage instability of large electric power systems has caused costly blackouts. Worldwide, voltage instability and collapse have caused major blackouts in France (1978), Belgium (1982), Sweden (1983 and 2003), western France (1987), Tokyo (1987), São Paulo (1997), and Greece (2004). Voltage control and stability problems were prominent in the August 14, 2003 blackout in northern Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Ontario. There have been many lesser incidents in the United States and elsewhere. In order to avoid instability, power companies are forced to limit power imports and to use more expensive generating plants.
Industry:Science
Soil on which municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste has been deposited by storms, particularly hurricanes, can adversely affect local and regional water, air, and soil quality. Soil pollution can directly affect public health through human contact with deadly pathogens. In addition, it can lead to air pollution which causes pulmonary congestion, disorientation, altered breathing, and headaches in humans, as well as decreased crop yields. Historically the focus of research and public concern was to understand and control waste-loaded water systems, whereas the focus now is to understand and control waste-loaded soil systems.
Industry:Science
Materials that are capable of responding to internal or external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, concentration gradients, electric field, and light, have been of interest for a number of years. Responses include changes in polymer morphology, surface characteristics, and solubility, as well as self-assembly. Potential applications include changes of surface wettability, dimensions, opacity, color, electromagnetic signature, and bioactivity, to name some. Because of the tremendous interest in new materials and their importance for novel technologies, research themes involving stimuli responsiveness have accelerated.
Industry:Science
Many ship types experience a wide variation in propulsion power demand during normal operating conditions. These variable load demands are coupled with small percentages of operating time when full propulsion power is required. Therefore an integrated electric plant providing both ship service and propulsion power can be very effective in reducing operating costs. Variable operating profiles in conjunction with stable ship service load demands commonly occur in such diverse ship types as oceanographic research vessels, cruise ships, icebreakers, product oil tankers, automobile ferries, and combatant ships with multiple warfare roles.
Industry:Science
Radiation-curable inks and coatings, also known as energy-curable inks and coatings, are based on reactive acrylate chemistry. They can be applied by any standard printing process and then cured (polymerized) in-line to a tough, dry film with a brief exposure to either ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB) energy. The food packaging market is a good example of where radiation-curable inks and coatings have become the dominant printing technology. The resulting ready-to-ship printed packages are a revolutionary change in an industry in which warehouses full of pallets of cartons printed with slow-drying, oil-based inks were the norm.
Industry:Science
One of the first things most people do upon awakening in the morning is to look in the mirror. We instantly equate the identity of the reflection with ourselves. This, in essence, is self-recognition. Self-face recognition has been extensively studied by Gordon Gallup for more than 30 years by placing nonhuman primates in front of a mirror. Gallup observed that while most animals emit “other-directed” social responses in front of a mirror (for example, aggression), some primates engage in “self-directed” nonsocial behavior (such as grooming) that suggests an understanding that what they perceive is themselves and not another organism.
Industry:Science
Life on Earth is experiencing its sixth major extinction event. This event differs from previous ones because it is caused by human activity. There is increasing scientific and public concern over the massive loss in biodiversity (all aspects of biological diversity, including species richness, ecosystem complexity, and genetic variability). Convincing evidence since the 1960s shows that ecosystem functioning is dependent on attributes of individual species. Only recently have ecologists examined how species diversity affects ecosystem processes. The importance of ecosystem complexity and genetic variability remains largely unexplored.
Industry:Science
