- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
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- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
The application of technology and management science to the modification of existing systems, organizations, processes, and products in order to make them more effective, efficient, and responsive. Responsiveness is a critical need for organizations in industry and elsewhere. It involves providing products and services of demonstrable value to customers, and thereby to those individuals who have a stake in the success of the organization. Reengineering can be carried out at the level of the organization, at the level of organizational processes, or at the level of the products and services that support an organization's activities. The entity to be reengineered can be systems management, process, product, or some combination. In each case, reengineering involves a basic three-phase systems-engineering life cycle comprising definition, development, and deployment of the entity to be reengineered.
Industry:Science
The edible fruit of <i>Citrullus lanatus</i>, of the family Cucurbitaceae. The plant is an annual prostrate vine with multiple stems alternating from short nodes near the base of the main axis, reaching lengths of 10 to 15 ft (3 to 4.5 m). Short vine or “bush” type cultivars exist but are not commercially useful. In a typical monoecious plant, pistillate flowers occur at every seventh node, with staminate flowers at intervening nodes. Cultivated plants range from 250 to 1000 hills per acre (625 to 2500 hills per hectare) according to variety and region. Commercially, an average yield of one mature melon per plant is acceptable.
Industry:Science
The clinical introduction of antibiotics has dramatically affected our approach to treating infectious diseases. Surprisingly, soil-dwelling bacteria have played a central role in this undertaking. Approximately two-thirds of all known antibiotics are synthesized as natural products of the bacterial class Actinomycetes, many of which belong to the <i>Streptomyces</i> genus. Evolving in an environment of antibiotic production, these remarkably resilient bacteria must develop diverse ways to survive the toxic antimicrobial compounds synthesized around them. As a result, they have evolved robust resistance to diverse classes of antibiotics, mechanisms that are often homologous to those identified in clinical pathogens. Thus their resistance mechanisms may help us glimpse into the future of clinical resistance to antibiotics, serving as an early-warning system of resistance that might emerge clinically.
Industry:Science
Strategic conflict is a sociological phenomenon that seems to occur whenever human beings interact. The types of conflict range from outright hostility, such as warfare, to highly cooperative situations in which disputants form coalitions or jointly attempt to reach resolutions in which everyone gains—the “win/win” solutions. The key ingredients of any conflict are the various decision makers who are in disagreement over some issue, and each participant's multiple objectives, which influence what that decision maker would prefer to do as he (or she) strategically interacts with his competitors in the process of reaching a resolution.
Industry:Science
Suicide, from the Latin phrase <i>sui caedere</i> (to kill one's self), is defined as the intentional termination of one's own life, and is a significant public health problem that encompasses a continuum of thoughts and behaviors ranging from suicide ideation to suicide attempts to death by suicide. Suicide is the 5th leading cause of years of potential life lost before age 65, and is the 11th overall leading cause of death in the United States. Approximately 32,000 individuals in the United States die by suicide annually, and the number of suicide attempts, although believed to be an underestimate, is undoubtedly much higher. In fact, whereas the number of suicide deaths in the United States has slightly decreased since the 1990s, the number of suicide attempts remains the same. This is an important consideration because suicide attempts are one of the strongest predictors of future death by suicide.
Industry:Science
The developing central nervous system (CNS) crucially depends on the maintenance within embryonic cells of precise levels of retinoic acid (RA), a low-molecular-weight, lipophilic compound derived from vitamin A. The level of RA must not rise or decrease excessively during pregnancy, or CNS damage will result. Although the broad effects of excess or insufficient levels of RA on the nervous system have been known for some time, it has been only within the last 10 years, through the use of anatomically specific molecular markers, that we have begun to understand the specific role of retinoic acid in body patterning and CNS development.
Industry:Science
The emerging field of neuromusicology, the scientific study of the effects of music on the brain, is rooted in the ancient cross-cultural belief that music has a therapeutic effect on the mind and body. In the past 50 years, based on social science concepts of music's influence and role in human life and society, some forms of music therapy have gained acceptance for the treatment of behavioral problems. The therapeutic value of music is generally believed to stem from music's cultural role in facilitating social learning and emotional experiences. More recently, however, the growing adaptation of brain research methods for the study of musical cognition has encouraged research into biomedical applications of music. New findings suggest that music can stimulate complex cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor processes in the brain, which can be generalized and transferred to nonmusical therapeutic purposes.
Industry:Science
The branch of acoustics that deals with the generation of sound by musical instruments, the transmission of sound to the listener, and the perception of musical sound. It has fascinated scientists since the time of Pythagoras. It captured the interest of noted scientists such as Hermann von Helmholtz, Lord Rayleigh, Chandrasekhara Raman, John Tyndall, Félix Savart, and Frederick Saunders. It has become an interdisciplinary field joining physics with music. Indeed, important contributions have been made by psychologists, engineers, physiologists, architects, mathematicians, and materials scientists as well as by musicians and physicists.
Industry:Science
The development of plasma display panels has progressed greatly in recent years, and this technology now appears to be foremost in the effort to develop a television receiver that hangs on a wall. A plasma display panel offers intrinsic advantages: (1) a flat screen, permitting a television receiver as little as 5 cm (2 in.) thick, even with a 140-cm-diagonal (55-in.) screen; (2) an emissive display with very wide viewing angles, well suited for a family audience; (3) high-quality images, with vivid color rendition; and (4) relatively simple fabrication technologies to produce large screens (107–140 cm or 42–55 in.). While extensive resources have been committed to the mass production of such screens, considerable research is continuing in order to improve brightness, contrast, and image quality, to reduce power consumption, and to lower manufacturing costs for both panel technology and driving electronics.
Industry:Science
The characteristic features and morphology of the land in the coastal zone. They are subject to processes of erosion and deposition as produced by winds, waves, tides, and river discharge. The interactions of these processes and the coastal environments produce a wide variety of landforms. Processes directed seaward from the land are dominated by the transport of sediment by rivers, but also include gravity processes such as landslides, rockfalls, and slumping. The dominant processes on the seaward side are wind, waves, and wave-generated currents. Mixed among these locations are tidal currents which also carry large volumes of sediment.
Industry:Science
