- 行业: NGO
- Number of terms: 31364
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The United Nations Organization (UNO), or simply United Nations (UN), is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and the achieving of world peace.
Land under houses, roads, mines, quarries or any other facilities, including their auxiliary spaces, deliberately installed so that human activities may be pursued. Included are also certain types of open land (non-built-up land) that is closely connected with these activities, such as waste tips, derelict land in built-up areas, junkyards, and city parks and gardens. Land occupied by scattered farm buildings, yards and their annexes is excluded.
Industry:Environment
Environmental accounting aggregate. It is obtained by subtracting the costs of natural resource depletion and environmental degradation from net domestic product (NDP). Contributions to NDP and EDP by production sectors are termed value added (VA) and Environmentally-adjusted Value Added (EVA), respectively. EDP I, accounting for natural resource depletion only, can be distinguished from EDP II, accounting for both depletion and environmental degradation.
Industry:Environment
Methods of applying a monetary value to natural assets in environmental accounting that include (a) market valuation, (b) direct non-market valuation such as the assessment of the willingness to pay for environmental services (contingent valuation) and (c) indirect non-market valuation, for example, costing of environmental damage or of compliance with environmental standards. See also market valuation, maintenance (cost) valuation and contingent valuation.
Industry:Environment
In environmental accounting, the method of measuring imputed environmental (depletion and degradation) costs caused by economic activities of households and industries. The value of the maintenance cost depends on the avoidance, restoration, replacement or prevention activities chosen. It is defined as the cost of using the natural environment which would have been incurred if the environment had been used during the accounting period in such a way that its future use had not been affected.
Industry:Environment
Disease that is generally transmitted by nasopharyngeal discharges and by respiratory secretions, through coughing and sneezing, though it may also be conveyed through close contact. Respiratory diseases include the common childhood infections, measles, whooping cough, chickenpox, mumps, diphtheria and acute sore throat, as well as diseases of the respiratory tract, influenza and other acute viral infections, the pneumonias, and pulmonary tuberculosis (WHO, 1992).
Industry:Environment
Fiscal and other economic incentives and disincentives to incorporate environmental costs and benefits into the budgets of households and enterprises. The objective is to encourage environmentally sound and efficient production and consumption through full-cost pricing. Economic instruments include effluent taxes or charges on pollutants and waste, deposit-refund systems and tradable pollution permits. See also cost internalization and tradable pollution permits.
Industry:Environment
Slow ageing process during which a lake or estuary evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disappears. During eutrophication, the lake becomes so rich in nutritive compounds (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) that algae and other microscopic plant life become superabundant, thereby choking the lake and causing it to eventually dry up. Eutrophication is accelerated by discharges of nutrients in the form of sewage, detergents and fertilizers into the ecosystem.
Industry:Environment
Accounting tables that provide information on the material input into an economy delivered by the natural environment, the transformation and use of that input in economic processes (extraction, conversion, manufacturing, consumption) and its return to the natural environment as residuals (wastes). The accounting concepts involved are founded on the first law of thermodynamics, which states that matter (mass/energy) is neither created nor destroyed by any physical process.
Industry:Environment
Additional or parallel accounting system that expands the analytical capacity of national accounts, without overburdening or disrupting the central system. It may provide additional information, apply complementary or alternative concepts, extend the coverage of costs and benefits of human activities and link physical with monetary data. The System of integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) constitutes a satellite system of the System of National Accounts (SNA).
Industry:Environment
Disease that is, at least in part, caused or aggravated by living conditions, climate and water supply or other environmental conditions. Environmental factors that may affect health include psychological, biological, physical and accident-related factors. Environmental diseases include in particular communicable diseases, such as respiratory diseases, and vector-borne diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis and onchocerciasis. See also airborne disease and waterborne disease.
Industry:Environment
