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Boltzmann transport equation

An equation which is used to study the nonequilibrium behavior of a collection of particles. In a state of equilibrium a gas of particles has uniform composition and constant temperature and density. If the gas is subjected to a temperature difference or disturbed by externally applied electric, magnetic, or mechanical forces, it will be set in motion and the temperature, density, and composition may become functions of position and time; in other words, the gas moves out of equilibrium. The Boltzmann equation applies to a quantity known as the distribution function, which describes this nonequilibriium state mathematically and specifies how quickly and in what manner the state of the gas changes when the disturbing forces are varied.

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