A discipline that deals generally with the extraction of information from acoustic signals in the presence of noise and uncertainty. Acoustic signal processing has expanded from the improvement of music and speech sounds and a tool to search for oil and submarines to include medical instrumentation; techniques for efficient transmission, storage, and presentation of music and speech; and machine speech recognition. Undersea processing has expanded to studying underwater weather and long-term global ocean temperature changes, mammal tracking at long ranges, and monitoring of hot vents. These techniques stem from the rapid advances in computer science, especially the development of large, inexpensive memories and ever-increasing processing speeds.