Chromosome painting in its original sense (as applied to humans and other animals) is defined as the use of fluorescently labeled, chromosome-specific probes to visualize whole chromosomes or large-scale chromosome regions. Such probes are obtained from chromosomes or chromosome segments isolated either by flow sorting (separation of chromosomes in a suspension on the basis of their relative fluorescence using a flow cytometer/sorter) or microdissection isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from a particular chromosome type or its part using a fine microcapillary pipette. The isolated DNA probes are amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescently labeled, and visualized on chromosome preparations on a microscopic slide. This technique is commonly known as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and it refers to the physical mapping of the recombination (hybridization) of fluorescently labeled DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) probes with complementary nucleic acid sequences in chromosomes or nuclei.