The four principal points of the compass--north, east, south, and west--are called the cardinal points. Midway between the cardinal points are the intercardinal points-- northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest. Midway between each cardinal and intercardinal point is a point with a name formed by combining that of the cardinal and intercardinal point, the former being placed first, as north-northeast, east-northeast, and so forth. Midway between the points already indicated are points bearing the name of the nearest cardinal or intercardinal point followed by the word "by" and the name of the cardinal point in the direction in which it lies, as north by east, northeast by north, and so forth. In all, there are 32 points separated by intervals of 11-1/4 degrees . Each of these intervals is subdivided into quarter points.