Piezoelectric drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet technology is most often selected form anufacturing processes such as printing electronic components (resistors and capacitors) and circuit board materials (solder, solder mask, and conductive traces). Piezoelectric DOD printheads offer the critical combination of high productivity, high reliability, and uniform characteristics (such as drop volume consistency, velocity characteristics, and jet straightness) for jetting materials dissolved or dispersed in organic or aqueous media. In recent years, it has proved possible to design and manufacture highly productive and reliable printheads which meet the exacting dispensing requirements in flat-panel display manufacturing.