In recent years, many natural and human-induced disasters have demonstrated to the public the interconnectedness and interdependence of critical infrastructures. The ease with which these connections and dependencies occur within systems is known as interoperability. From the Haiti and Chile earthquakes, to the volcanic ashes in Scandinavia, to the BP (British Petroleum) rig explosion and the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, to the financial crisis in Greece and southern Europe, the consequences and ripple effects of these interdependencies create many unintended consequences. Although disasters are never completely predictable, new tools are available to help to prepare and respond more effectively.