Before 1492, marking the beginning of modern transoceanic journeys, humans had established themselves on all habitable continents. These migrations are thought to have originated in Africa and to have occurred during the last 100,000 years. Today, populations that still live in the land they inhabited before 1492 are referred to as aboriginal populations. Thus, Europeans (such as Basques and Germans) are aboriginals of Europe, Africans (such as San and Pygmies) are aboriginals of Africa, and Native Americans are aboriginals of America. Most of these populations have few historical records of their origins and, in any case, these do not go back beyond 5000 years.