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hydrido complexes

Complex hydrides containing a hydride ligand bonded to a central atom. The prefix hydro instead of hydrido is sometimes used. Sodium tetrahydridoborate, NaBH4 (or sodium tetrahydroborate, originally called sodium borohydride), and lithium tetrahydridoaluminate, LiAlH4 (originally called lithium aluminum hydride), are important reducing agents in synthetic and industrial reactions. NaBH4 is employed in aqueous or alcoholic solutions, and LiAlH4 is employed in ethers. Sodium cyanotrihydridoborate, NaBH3CN, can be used in acidic medium. A family of aluminum-based reducing agents is now available commercially, including sodium diethyldihydridoaluminate, NaAlH2(C2H5)2; sodium tri-tert-butoxohydridoaluminate, NaAlH(O-t-C4H9)3; and sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxo)-dihydridoaluminate, NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2. All are soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons. They are rather expensive, but their specific reducing powers make them attractive for synthesizing high-value products, such as pharmaceuticals, flavorings, fragrances, dyes, and insecticides.

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