Rocks that are formed from melted rock, usually by cooling. The melted rock is called magma when it is below the surface, and lava when it flows out onto the surface. When the magma or lava cools or moves into areas of lower pressure, crystals or glass or both form. Thus, igneous rocks are composed of crystals, glass, or combinations of these materials. Magmas sometimes erupt explosively, creating ash that is composed of broken crystals, glass, and rock materials called pyroclastic material. Rocks formed at or very near the surface, including pyroclastic rocks, are called volcanic rocks, whereas those formed from magma at depth are called plutonic rocks. In the past, some rocks that formed below the surface but near it were called hypabyssal rocks.