The process of producing enlarged images of the interior of thin, usually small specimens by penetration of low-energy (0.1–10 keV) x-rays. The magnification can be obtained geometrically during the exposure by subsequent enlargement of the initial image by optical or electronic means, or by a combination of both processes. As with radiography on other size scales, microradiography shows the spatial distribution of mass and elemental composition of the sample. If a pulsed (flash) source or time-gated detector is employed, radiographs also provide stop-motion details of fast-changing objects. Microradiography has numerous applications in biology, material science, the characterization of fabricated microstructures, and assessment of plasma-driven compression of thermonuclear fuel.