Nanotechnology is the study and engineering of matter at the dimensions of 1–100 nm where physical, chemical, or biological properties are fundamentally different from those of the bulk material. The nanotechnology paradigm is to modify bulk properties and functionality by controlled manipulations at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology research has dramatically grown within the past 10 years because of recent developments in nanoscale characterization techniques, processes, and understanding of material behavior at the nanoscale. By expanding our understanding and control of matter at such levels, new avenues in product development can be opened. Nano-based science has applications across nearly all economic sectors and allows the development of new technologies with broad commercial potential within the forest products industry.